“But all this has taken place that the Scriptures of the prophets may be fulfilled.” (Matt. 26:56) |
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What some believers do not realize is that to the life and birth of Jesus, as well as the crucifixion, are as perspicuous in the Old Testament as it is in the New. Furthermore, there are a great many verses in the Old Testament which pertain to our Savior and God’s plan concerning the crucifixion which are not quoted in the New Testament, but are just as pertinent as verses which are. Therefore, what I have done here is thrown together some verses from both Testaments which speak of His birth, His life, The Need for a Savior, The Crucifixion and The Theology of the Cross. I should add, just in case you were not aware of this: the Apostles and other writers of the New Testament often quoted from the Septuagint (the Greek translation of the Old Testament) as well as paraphrased Scripture that they quoted; therefore many of the quotations will not match word-for-word. It is also important to realize that many of the prophecies had a double meaning—that is, they applied to the time and place of the prophet, or were related to the message that he spoke; however, at the same time, the prophecy also looked forward into time to some aspect of the birth, life or crucifixion of our Lord. This fact may help you to realize the importance of parables as spoken by Jesus. The word parable is really a transliteration and not a translation. The Greek word is parabolê (παραβολή) [pronounced par-ab-ol-AY], which is a combination of two Greek words: para (παρά) [pronounced paw-RAW], which means along side, next to (Strong’s #3844) and ballô (βάλλω) [pronounced BAHL-low], which means to throw (Strong’s #906); and therefore, parable means to throw along side of, to throw something next to something else. Strong’s #3850. Jesus would tell a story which was easy to understand, but thrown in along side that story was always an important theological point. A prophet often spoke of things which applied then and there to the people of Israel, but, thrown in along side that was a promise of our Lord to come, Who would save His people from their sins. The offering of Isaac by Abraham on the mountain, the sufferings of Job, the pain David as he recorded it in the psalms, the animal sacrifices offered by the Jews according to the Law—all of these were real, historical events, recorded with complete historical accuracy; however, they all had a second meaning, a parallel theological or prophetical dissertation thrown in along side, later made evident by the unfolding of history. Now, so you don’t think that I have simply thrown together a few verses here and there which are similar, taking them completely out of context, there are certain passages which for centuries (and some, for millenniums) have been taken to be Messianic passages—Psalm 22, Isa. 53 and Micah 5 are prime examples). There are other passages which are also clearly Messianic: Abraham’s offering of Isaac (Gen. 22); Job sitting in great pain before those who were his friends, all falsely accusing him of this sin or that (Job 16–17); the rejection of the chief cornerstone by the builders (Psalm 118). Each of these passages lines right up with the life of our Lord and His death on our behalf. |
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The Law |
Job |
Psalms |
The Prophets |
Gospels |
Acts and the Epistles |
And all the people perceived the thunder and the lightning flashes and the sound of the trumpet and the mountain smoking; and when the people saw, they trembled and stood at a distance. Then they said to Moses, “Speak to us yourself and we will listen; but do not let God speak to us, or we will die.” (Ex. 20:18–19; see also Deut. 5:23–28). In the day of the assembly, saying, ‘Let me not add to hear the voice of Yehowah my God, and this great fire; let me not see anymore, and I die not.’ [Deut. 18:16] |
“For God is not a man as I am that I may answer Him, that we may go to court together. There is no mediator between us, who may lay his hand upon us both.” (Job 9:32–33). And He [the Eyewitness] would make a cause clear between a man and God [as] a son of man with his associate (Job 16:21). |
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This one [born in Bethlehem] will be peace [and prosperity].” (Micah 5:5a). |
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For there is one God and one Mediator between God and men—the man Christ Jesus (1Tim. 2:5). But now Jesus has obtain a more excellent ministry [than that of the High Priest]; by as much as He is also the mediator of a better covenant, which has been enacted on better promises (Heb. 8:6). Those who heard [God’s voice] begged that no further word should be spoken to them (Heb. 12:19b). |
“Jehovah your God will raise up for you a Prophet like me from among you, from your countrymen, and you will listen to Him.” (Deut. 18:15). This topic is covered in much greater detail in my exegesis of Deut. 18. |
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John the baptizer is asked whether or not he is the Prophet, and he says that he is not and identifies Jesus as the Lamb of God Who takes away the sin of the world (John 1:25–29). [Jesus said], “For if you believed Moses, you would believe Me; for he wrote of Me.” (John 5:46). When therefore the people saw the sign which He had performed, they said, “This is certainly the Prophet Who is to come into the world.” (John 6:14; see also 7:37–40). |
“Moses said, ‘Jehovah God will raise up for you a Prophet like me from your brothers; to Him, you will give heed in everything He says to you. And it will be that every soul who does not heed that Prophet, he will be utterly destroyed from among the people.’ And likewise, all the prophets who have spoken, from Samuel and his successors onward, also announced these days...For you first, God raised up His Servant [Jesus], and sent Him to bless you by turning every one from your wicked patterns of life.” (Acts 3:22–24, 26; see also 7:37). |
The priest occupied a unique place in the Law. The priest represented man to God. He offered up sacrifices on behalf of the sinner and was the only category of person allowed to offer sacrifices to God. The duties of the priests are found in Lev. 1 4–7 13–15. |
“How can a man be right before God?” (Job 9:2b). |
But the Lord has sworn and will not change His mind, “You are a priest forever according to the order of Melchizedek.” (Psalm 110:4). |
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When a leper had been cleansed by Jesus, Jesus told him to present himself to the priest, as required by the Law, as a testimony to the priests in the Temple. The cleansing of the leper is analogous to Christ cleansing us through His sacrifice (Matt. 8:1–4). |
Therefore, Jesus had to be made like His brothers in all things, that He might become a merciful and faithful High Priest in things pertaining to God, to make propitiation for the sins of the people, for, since He Himself was tempted in that which He has suffered, He is able to come to the aid of those who are tempted...Since we have a great High Priest Who has passed through the heavens, Jesus, the Son of God, let us hold fast to our profession (Heb. 2:17–18 4:14). Most of the book of Hebrews deals with the priesthood of our Lord. |
The High Priest was the one who entered into the Holy of Holies and sprinkled blood on the altar. This was an act done only once and year and it was actually seen by no man but by God. The duties of the High Priest with respect to the Holy of Holies is covered in Lev. 16. |
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But a certain one of them Caiaphas, who was the High Priest that year, said to them, “You know nothing at all, nor to you take into account that it is expedient for you that one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation should not perish.” Now this he did not say on his own initiative, but being High Priest that year, he prophesied that Jesus was going to die for the nation, and not for the nation only, but that He might also gather together into one the children of God who are scattered abroad (John 11:49–52). |
And behind the second veil, there was a room which is called the Holy of Holies...but into the second room the High Priest only enters, once a year, not without blood, which he offers for himself and for the sins of the people committed in ignorance...But when Christ appeared a High Priest of the good things to come, he came through the greater and more perfect tent, not made with hands...and offered Himself without blemish to God (Heb. 9:3, 7, 11a, 14b). |
The Ark, inside the Holy of Holies, spoke of our Lord and His work. The Ark was made of acacia wood and it was plaited with gold, representing our Lord’s humanity and His deity. In this Ark were the tables of the Law, which condemned us; Aaron’s rod which budded, speaking of our rebirth and resurrection, and the pot of manna, which speaks of God’s provision (see Lev. 16). |
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Let us go into His dwelling place; let us worship at His footstool. Arise, O Jehovah, to Your resting place; You and the ark of Your strength. Let your priests be clothed with righteousness (Psalm 132:7–9a). |
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And behind the second veil, there was a room which is called the Holy of Holies, which has a golden altar of incense and the ark of the covenant covered on all sides with gold, in which there was a golden jar holding the manna, and Aaron’s rod which budded, and the tables of the covenant. And above it were the cherubim of glory overshadowing the mercy seat..Christ did not enter a holy place made with hands, a copy of the true one, but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us; nor was it that He should offer Himself often, as the High Priest enters the holy place year by year with blood not his own...so Christ also, having been offered once to bear the sins of many (Heb. 9:3–4, 24–25, 28 |
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Jehovah is my rock and my fortress and my deliverer [savior]; My God, my rock, in whom I take refuge (Psalm 18:2). The forgot God, their Savior, Who had done great things in Egypt (Psalm 106:21). |
And Jehovah will send them a Savior and a Might One, and He will deliver them (Isa. 19:20b). For I am Jehovah your God, the Holy One of Israel, your Savior...And there is no one saving besides Me (Isa. 43:3a, 11b; see also 45:15, 21). “I have been Jehovah your God since the land of Egypt and you were not to know any god except Me, for there is no Savior besides Me.” (Hosea 13:4). |
The angel said to them, “...today in the city of David, there has been born for you a Savior, Who is Messiah the Lord.” (Luke 2:10a, 11). “We know that this One is indeed the Savior of the world.” (John 4:14b). |
“From the offspring of this man, according to promise, God has brought to Israel a Savior, Jesus.” (Acts 13:23). For it is for this we labor and strive, because we have fixed our confidence on the living God, Who is the Savior of all men, especially of believers (1Tim. 4:10). We look for the blessed hope and the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior, Christ Jesus (Titus 2:13). And we have observed and bear witness that the Father has sent the Son as Savior of the world (1John 4:14). “And there is salvation in on one else; for there is no other name under heaven that has been given among men, by which we must be saved.” (Acts 4:12). |
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“So you are to know and discern that from the issuing of a decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem until the Messiah the Prince, seven weeks and 62 weeks; it will be built again...then after the 62 weeks, the Messiah will be cut off and have nothing and the people of the prince who is to come will destroy the city and the sanctuary.” (Dan. 9:25a, 26a). |
“We have found the Messiah!” (John 1:41a). John the baptizer is asked whether or not he is the Messiah, and he says that he is not and identifies Jesus as the Lamb of God Who takes away the sin of the world (John 1:25–29). [Jesus speaking to a woman]: “God is a Spirit and those who Sonship Him must worship in spirit and truth.” The woman said to Him, “I now that Messiah is coming (He who is called Christ); when that One comes, He will declare all things to us.” Jesus said to her, “I Who speak to you am He.” (John 4:24–26). |
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“I see Him, but not now; I behold Him, but not near; a Star will come forth from Jacob and a Scepter will rise from Israel.” (Num. 24:17a). |
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“But as for Me, I have installed My King upon Zion, My holy mountain. I will certainly tell of the decree of Jehovah: He said to Me ‘You are My Son—today I have begotten You.’ ” (Psalm 2:6–7). “Your throne, O God, is forever and ever. A scepter of uprightness is the scepter of Your kingdom. You have loved righteousness and hated wickedness. Therefore God, Your god, has anointed You with the oil of joy above Your fellows” (Psalm 45:6–7). |
For a Child will be born to us, a Son will be given to us; and the government will rest upon His shoulders...there will be no end to the increase of His government or of peace on the throne of David and over His kingdom (Isa. 9:6a, 7). “Listen, the days are coming,” declares Jehovah, “When I will raise up for David a righteous Branch and He will reign as king and act wisely and do justice and righteousness in the land...He will be called ‘Jehovah our righteousness.’ ” (Jer. 23:5, 6b). |
“Say to the daughter of Zion, observe, your King is coming to you, gentle and mounted upon a donkey.” (Matt. 21:5a). Pilate, therefore, said to Him, “So You are a king?” Jesus answered, “You say correctly that I am a king. For this I have been born and for this I have come into the world, to bear witness of the truth. Every one who is of the truth hears My voice.” ...And Pilate wrote an inscription also and put it on the cross. And it was written, “Jesus the Nazarene, the King of the Jews.” (John 18:37 19:19). |
“Because he [David] was a prophet, and knew that God had sworn to him with an oath to seat his descendants upon his throne, he looked ahead and spoke of the resurrection of the Messiah, that He was neither abandoned to Hades nor did His flesh suffer decay. This Jesus, God raised up again.” Acts 2:30–32a). But of the Son, He says, “Your throne, O God, is forever and ever; and the righteous scepter is the scepter of His kingdom. You have loved righteousness and hated lawlessness. Therefore, God, Your God, has anointed You with the oil of gladness above Your companions” (Heb. 1:8–9). |
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“But as for you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, too little to be among the families of Judah—from you One will go forth from Me to be ruler of Israel. His goings forth are from long ago from the days of eternity.” Therefore, He [God] will give them up [the Jews] until the time when she who is in labor has borne a child. Then the remnant of His brothers will return to the sons of Israel and He will arise and shepherd in the strength of Jehovah, in the majesty of the name of Jehovah His God, and they will dwell in safety because at that time He will be great to the ends of the earth.” (Micah 5:2–4). |
Now after Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of Herod the king, observe, wise men from the east arrived in Jerusalem, saying, “Where is He who has been born King of the Jews? For we saw His star in the east, and we have come to worship Him.” And when Herod the king heard this, he was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him. And gathering together all the chief priests and the scribes of the people, he inquired of them where the Christ [lit., Messiah] was to be born. And they said to him, “In Bethlehem of Judea, for so it was been written by the prophet, “And you, Bethlehem, land of Judah, are by no means least among the leaders of Judah, for our of you will come forth a ruler, Who will shepherd My people Israel.” (Matt. 2:1–6). |
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I will certainly tell of the decree of Jehovah. He said to Me, “You are My Son—today I have begotten You.” (Psalm 2:7). |
“Therefore, Jehovah Himself will give you a sign: Observe, a virgin will be with child and she will bear a son, and she will call His name Immanuel.” (Isa. 7:14). For a child will be born to us, a son will be given to us; and the government will rest upon His shoulders. And His name will be called Wonderful Counselor, Might God, Eternal Father, Prince of Peace (Isa. 9:6). |
“And she [Mary] will bear a Son; and you will call His name Jesus, for it is He who will save His people from their sins.” Now all this took place that what was spoken by the Lord through the prophet might be fulfilled, saying, Observe, the virgin will be with child and she will bear a Son, and they will call His name Immanuel; which translated means, “God with us.” (Matt. 1:21–23). |
So also Christ did not glorify Himself so as to become a high priest, but He who said to Him, “You are My Son; today I have begotten You.” (Heb. 5:4–5). |
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When Israel was a youth, I loved him, and out of Egypt I called My Son.” (Hosea 11:1). Often, prophecies in Scripture have a double meaning—in this particular case, God called Israel out of Egypt, who were sons of God. However, this also refers to the fact that God would call His Son out of Egypt. |
And Joseph arose and took the Child and His mother by night, and departed for Egypt; and was there until the death of Herod, that what was spoken by the Lord through the prophet might be fulfilled, saying, “Out of Egypt, I have called My Son.” (Matt. 2:14–15). |
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Thus says Jehovah, “A voice is heard in Ramah, lamentation, bitter weeping. Rachel is weeping for her children; she refused to be comforted for her children because they are no more.” (Jer. 31:15). |
Then, when Herod saw that he had been tricked by the magi, he became very enraged, and send and killed all the male children who were in Bethlehem and in all its surrounding areas, from two years old and under, according to the time which he had ascertained from the magi. Then that which was spoken through Jeremiah the prophet was fulfilled, saying, “A voice was heart n Ramah, weeping an great mourning—Rachel weeping for her children and she refused to be comforted because they were no more.” (Matt. 2:17–18) |
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A voice is calling out, “Clear the way for Jehovah in the wilderness; make smooth in the desert a highway for our God.” (Isa. 40:3). |
Now in those days, John the Baptizer came proclaiming in the desert wilderness of Judea, saying, “Change your mind, for the kingdom of heaven has come near.” For this is the one referred to by Isaiah the prophet, saying, “The voice of one crying in the wilderness; make ready the way of the Lord; make His paths straight.” (Matt. 3:1–3). |
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“Listen, I am going to send My Messenger [or, Angel] and He will prepare the way before Me, and Jehovah, Whom you seek, will suddenly come to His temple, and the Messenger of the covenant, in Whom you delight—listen, He is coming,” says Jehovah of the armies (Micah 3:1). |
And as these were going away, Jesus began to say to the multitudes concerning John, “What did you go out into the wilderness to see? A reed shaken by the wind? But what did you go our to see? A man dressed in soft clothing? Observe, those who wear soft clothing are in king’s palaces. But why did you go out? To see a prophet? Yes, I tell you, and one who is more than a prophet. This is the one about whom it was written, ‘Observe, I send My messenger before Your face, who will prepare Your way before You.’ ” (Matt. 11:7–10). |
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He was despised and forsaken of men..He was despised and we did not esteem Him. (Isa. 53:3a, c). Since the day that your fathers came out of the land of Egypt until this day, I have sent you all My servants and prophets, daily rising early and sending them. Yet they did not listen to Me or incline their ear, but stiffened their neck; they did more evil than their fathers. Therefore, you will speak all these words to them, bu they will not listen to you; and you will call to them, but they will not answer you. And you will say to them, “This is the nation that did not obey the voice of Jehovah their God or accept correction; truth has perished and has been cut off from their mouth.’ ” (Jer. 7:25–28). “And I will pour out on the house of David and on the inhabitants of Jerusalem the Spirit of grace and of supplication, so that they will look on Me Whom they have pierced; and they will mourn for Him, as one mourns for an only son, and they will weep bitterly over Him, like the bitter weeping over a first-born.” (Zech. 12:10). |
He came to His own, and those who were His own did not receive Him. But as many as receive Him, to them He gave the right be become children of God, to those who believe in His name (John 1:11–12). |
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But there will be no gloom for her who was in anguish; in earlier times, He treated the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali with contempt, but later on, He will make it glorious, by the way of the sea, on the other side of the Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles. The people who walk in darkness will see a great light; those who live in a dark land, the light will shine upon them (Isa. 9:1–2). |
Now when He heard that John had been taken into custody, He withdrew into Galilee, and leaving Nazareth, He came and settled in Capernaum, which is by the sea, in the region of Zebulun and Naphtali, to fulfill what was spoken through Isaiah the prophet, saying, “The land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali by way of the sea, beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles—the people who were sitting in darkness saw a great light, and to those who were sitting in the land and shadow of death, upon them a light dawned.” From that time, Jesus began to proclaim, saying, “Change your mind, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.” (Matt. 4:12–17). |
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Then Jehovah spoke to Moses, saying, “This will be the law of the leper in the day of his cleansing. Now he will be brought to the priest, and the priest will go out to the outside of the camp. Thus the priest will look, and if the infection of leprosy has been healed in the leper, then the priest will give orders to take two live clean birds and cedar wood and a scarlet string and hyssop for the one who is to be cleansed (Lev. 14:1–4). |
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And, observe, a leper came to Him and bowed down to Him, saying, “Lord, if You will, You can make me clean.” And stretching out His hand, He touched him, saying, “I am willing; be cleansed.” And immediately, his leprosy was cleansed. And Jesus said, to him, “See that you tell no one, but go show yourself to the priest and present the offering that Moses prescribed for a testimony to them.” (Matt. 8:4). |
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Sure our griefs [or, sickness] He Himself took away and our sorrows [or, pains] He carried; yet we ourselves esteemed Him stricken, struck down by God, and afflicted (Isa. 53:4). |
And when evening had come, they brought to Him many who were demon-possessed; and He cast out the spirits with a word, and healed all who were ill, in order that which was spoken through Isaiah the prophet might be fulfilled, saying, “He Himself took our infirmities and He removed our diseases.” (Matt. 8:17). |
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I have called upon You every day, O Jehovah, I have spread out my hands to You. Will Your perform wonders for the dead? Will the departed spirits rise and praise You? (Psalm 88:9–10). |
Your dead will live; their corpses will rise. You who lie in the dust, awake and shout for joy, for your dew is as the dew of the dawn. And the earth will give birth to the departed spirits (Isa. 26:19). |
Now, as He approached the gate of the city, observe, a dead man was being carried out, the only son of his mother, and she was a widow; and a sizable crowd from the city was with her. And when the Lord saw her, He felt compassion for her, and said to her, “Do not weep.” And He came up and touched the coffin; and the bearers came to a halt. And He said, “Young man, I say to you, arise!” And the dead man sat up, and began to speak. And Jesus gave him back to his mother. And fear gripped them all, and they began glorifying God, saying, “A great prophet has arisen among us?” and “God has visited His people.” (Luke 7:12–16). Jesus said to Martha, “Your brother [Lazarus] will rise again.” Martha said to Him, “I know that he will rise again in the resurrection on the last day.” Jesus said to her, “I am the resurrection and the life; he who believes in Me will live even if He dies; and everyone who lives and believe in Me will never die. Do you believe this? She said to Him, “Yes, Lord, I have believed that You are the Messiah, the Son of God, He who comes into the world...Jesus therefore again being deeply moved within, came to the tomb. Now it was a cave, and a stone was lying against it. Jesus said, “Remove the stone.” Martha said to Him, “Lord, by this time there will be a stench; for he has been dead for four days.” Jesus said to her, “Did I not say to you, if you believe, you will see the glory of God?” So they removed the stone. And when they removed the stone, Jesus raised His eyes and said, “Father, I thank You that You have heard Me.” And when He had said these things, He cried out with a loud voice, “Lazarus, here, outside!” He who had died came forth, bound hand and foot with wrappings; and his face was wrapped around with a cloth (John 11:23–27, 38–41, 43–44). |
And as they were speaking to the people, the priests and the captain of the temple guard and the Sadducees came upon them, being greatly disturbed because they were teaching the people and proclaiming in Jesus the resurrection from the dead (Acts 4:1–2). |
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For a son treats father contemptuously; a daughter rises up against her mother; a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law; a man’s enemies are the men of his own household. But as for me, I will watch expectantly for Jehovah; I will wait for the God of my salvation. My God will hear me (Micah 7:6–7). |
“Do not think that I cam to bring peace on the earth; I did not come to bring peace, but a sword. For I cam to set a man against his father and a daughter against her mother and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law; and a man’s enemies will be the members of his household.” (Matt. 10:34–36). |
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For I delight in loyalty rather than sacrifice and in knowledge of God rather than burnt offerings (Hosea 6:6). |
“I say to you that something greater than the temple is here. But if you had know what this means,—“I desire compassion and not a sacrifice”—you would not have condemned the innocent.” (Matt. 12:6–7). |
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“See My Servant, Whom I lift up; My Chosen One in Whom My soul delights. I pave placed My Spirit upon Him; He will bring forth justice to the nations [or, Gentiles]. He will not cry out or raise His voice nor make His voice heard in the street. He will not break a bruised reed and a dimly burning wick I will not extinguish. He will faithfully bring forth justice. He will not be disheartened or crushed until He has established justice in the earth and the coast lands will wait expectantly for His instruction.” (Isa. 42:1–3). |
But Jesus...withdrew from there, and many followed Him, and He healed them all and warned them not to make Him known, in order that what was spoken through Isaiah the prophet might be fulfilled, saying, “Observe My Servant Whom I have chosen; My Beloved in Whom My soul is well-pleased. I will place My Spirit upon Him and He will proclaim justice to the Gentiles. He will not quarrel, nor cry out, nor will any one hear His voice in the streets. A battered reed He will not break off, and a smoldering wick He will not put out until He leads justice to victory and in His name the Gentiles will have confidence.” (Matt. 12:15–21). |
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Say to those with anxious heart, “Take courage, fear not. Look, your God will come with vengeance; the recompense of God will come, but He will deliver you.” Then the eyes of the blind will be opened and the ears of the deaf will be unstopped. Then the lame will leap like a deer and the tongue of the dumb will shout for joy (Isa. 35:4–5). The Spirit of the Lord Jehovah is upon me, because Jehovah has anointed me to bring good news to the afflicted; He has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to captives, and freedom to prisoners; to proclaim the favorable year of Jehovah and the day of vengeance of our God (Isa. 61:1–2a). |
Now when John [the baptizer] was in prison heard the works of Christ, he sent word by his disciples, and said to Him, “Are You the Coming One, or should we look for someone else?” And Jesus answered and said to them, “Go and report to John the things which you hear and see: the blind receive sight and the lame walk; lepers are cleansed and deaf hear, and the dead are raised up, and the poor have the good news proclaimed to them.” (Matt. 11:2–5). |
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“And all your sons will be taught from Jehovah and the well-being of your sons will be great.” (Isa. 54:13). |
“It is written in the prophets, ‘And they will all be taught from God. ‘ Every one who has heard and learned from the Father, comes to Me.” (John 6:45). |
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“For You have kept their heart from understanding; therefor, You will not exalt them.” (Job 17:4). |
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“Render the hearts of this people insensitive, their ears dull and their eyes dim, so that they do not see with their eyes or hear with their ears, understand with their hearts, and change their mind and be healed.” (Isa. 6:10). Who has believed our message? And to whom has the arm of Jehovah been revealed? (Isa. 53:1). “Hear this, O foolish and senseless people, who have eyes, but see not; who have ears, but hear not.” (Jer. 5:21). |
But though He had performed many signs before the, they were not believing in Him; that the word of Isaiah the prophet might be fulfilled, which he spoke, Lord, who has believed our report? And to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed? For this cause, they could not believe, for Isaiah said again, “He has blinded their eyes and He has hardened their heart, that they should not see with their eyes an perceive with their heart and be converted and I heal them.” These things Isaiah said, before he saw His glory and he spoke of him (John 12:37–41). |
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And he said, “Go and tell this people: Keep on listening, but do not perceive; keep on looking, but do not understand. Render the hearts of this people insensitive, their ears dull, and their eyes dim, so that they do not see with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts, and change their minds and be healed.” (Isa. 6:9–10). |
And the disciples came and said to Him, “Why do You speak to them in parables?” And He answered and said to them, “I speak to them in parables because while seeing, they do not see, and while hearing, they do not hear, nor do they understand. And for them, the prophecy of Isaiah is fulfilled, which says, ‘You will keep on hearing, but you will not understand. And you will keep on seeing, but you will not perceive. For the heart of this people has become dull. And with their ears they scarcely hear and they have closed their eyes, lest they should see with their eyes and hear with their ears and understand with their heart and turn again so I should heal them.’ ” (Matt. 13:10–11a, 13b–15). |
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Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion! Shout aloud, O daughter of Jerusalem! Observe, your King is coming to you. He is just and endowed with salvation, humble and mounted on a donkey, even on a colt, the foal of a donkey (Zech. 9:9). |
And when they had approached Jerusalem,...Jesus sent two disciples, saying to them, “Go into the village opposite you, and immediately you will find a donkey tied and a colt with her; untie them and bring them to Me. And if anyone says something to you, will say, “The Lord has need of them,’ and immediately he will send them.” Now this took place that what was spoken through the prophet might be fulfilled, saying, “Say to the daughter of Zion, look, you King is coming to you, gentle and mounted upon a donkey, even upon a colt, the foal of a beast of burden.” (Matt. 21:1–5; see also John 12:14–15). |
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Blessed is the one who enters in the name of Jehovah. We have blessed you from the house of Jehovah (Psalm 118:26). |
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And the multitudes went before him and those who followed after were calling out, saying, “Hosanna to the Son of David; blessed is He Who comes in the name of the Lord. Hosanna in the highest!” (Matt. 21:9; see also John 12:12–13). |
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I will give thanks to You for You have answered me and You have become my salvation. The stone which the builders rejected has become the chief cornerstone. This is Jehovah’s doing; it is marvelous in our eyes (Psalm 118:21–22). |
“Listen, I am going to send My Messenger [or, Angel] and He will prepare the way before Me, and Jehovah, Whom you seek, will suddenly come to His temple, and the Messenger of the covenant, in Whom you delight—listen, He is coming,” says Jehovah of the armies (Micah 3:1). |
And when He had come into the temple, the chief priests and the elders of the people came to Him as He was teaching, and said, “By what authority are You doing these things and who gave You this authority?” But Jesus answered and said to them, “Did you never read in the Scriptures, The stone which the builders rejected, this became the chief cornerstone. This came about from the Lord and it is marvelous in our eyes? Therefore, I say to you, the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and it will be given to a nation producing the fruit of it.” (Matt. 21:23–24a, 42b–43). |
This is contained in Scripture: Listen, I have laid in Zion a choice stone, a precious cornerstone, and He who believes in Him will not be disappointed. This precious value, then, is for you who believe, but for those who disbelieve, The stone which the builders rejected, this became the very cornerstone (1Peter 2:6–7). |
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Jehovah says to my Lord, “Sit at My right hand until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet.” (Psalm 110:1). |
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Now, while the pharisees were gathered together, Jesus asked them a question, saying, “What do you think about the Christ [or, the Messiah]; whose son is He?” They said to him, “He is the Son of David.” He said to them, “Then how does David in the Spirit call Him ‘Lord,’ saying, The Lord said to my lord, ‘Sit at My right hand until I put Your enemies beneath Your feet?’ If David then calls Him ‘Lord’, how is He his son?” And no one was able to answer Him a word nor did anyone dare from that day on ask Him another question (Matt. 22:41–46) |
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You have also turned back the edge of his sword and you have not made him stand in battle (Psalm 89:43). |
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Simon Peter therefore, having a sword, drew it and struck the high priest’s slave, and cut off his right ear; and the slave’s name was Malchus. Jesus therefore said to Peter, “Put the sword into the sheath; the cup which the Father has given Me, shall I not drink it?” (John 18:10–11). And He touched his ear and healed him (Luke 22:51b). “My kingdom is not of this world, for it My kingdom were of this world, then My servants would be fighting that I might not be delivered up to the Jews.” (John 18:36b). |
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“And now He has exhausted me; You have laid waste to all my company. And You have seized me, and the seizing is for a witness” (Job 16:6–7a). |
My loved ones and my friends stand aloof from my plague; and my kinsmen stand afar off (Psalm 38:11). You have removed my acquaintances far from me; You have made me an object of loathing to them (Psalm 88:8a). |
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And He took with Him Peter and James and John, and began to be very distraught and troubled, and He said to them, “My soul is deeply grieved to the point of death; remain here and keep watch.” (Mark 14:33–34). And the chief priests, scribes and the elders laid hands on Him and seized Him...and His disciples all left Him and fled (Mark 14:46, 50). |
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“He has stripped my honor from me and He has removed the crown from my head.” (Job 19:9). |
You have made His splendor to cease, and You have cast His throne to the ground. You have shortened the days of His youth; You have covered Him with shame (Psalm 89:44–45). |
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The Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life as a ransom for many.” (Matt. 20:28). |
For you know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that though He was rich, yet for your sake He became poor, that you through His poverty might become rich (2Cor. 8:9). Christ Jesus, Who, although He existed in the form of God, did not regard equality with God a thing of profit to be held onto, but He emptied Himself [of the proper function of deity], taking on the form of a bond-servant, being made in the likeness of men. And being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even the death on a cross (Philip. 2:5b–8). You have made Him for a little while lower than the angels (Heb. 2:7a). |
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They have gaped at me with their mouth (Job 16:10a). |
They open wide their mouth at me...they look, they stare at me (Psalm 22:13a, 17b). |
Just as many were astonished by you, so His appearance was marred more than any man and His form more than the sons of me (Isa. 52:14). |
And when the Roman soldiers led Jesus away,..there were following Him a great multitude of the people, and of women who were mourning and lamenting Him...And all the multitudes who came together for this spectacle, when they observed what had happened, returned, beating their breasts (Luke 23:26a, 27, 48). |
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Because of Your sake, I bore reproach (Psalm 69:7). You have made me an object of loathing (Psalm 88:8b). He has become a reproach to his neighbors (Psalm 89:41b). My enemies have reproached me all day long; those who deride me have used me as a curse (Psalm 102:8). |
Surely our sickness, He bore and our pains He carried, yet we ourselves esteemed Him stricken, struck down by God, and afflicted...Jehovah willed to crush Him, putting Him to grief, if He would render Himself a guilt offering (Isa. 53:4, 10). |
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Christ redeemed us from the curse of the Law, having become a curse for us—for it stands written, Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree (Gal. 3:13). |
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They have slapped me on the cheek with contempt (Job 16:10b). |
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I gave my back to those who strike Me and My cheeks to those who pluck out the beard (Isa. 50:6a). |
Then they spit in His face and beat Him with their fists; and others slapped Him (Matt. 26:67). |
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“My eye has also grown dim because of grief and all my limbs are a shadow of what they once were.” (Job 17:7). The parallel here is that Jesus was beat on the face so much prior to His crucifixion, that he was almost unable to see. This is a reasonable assumption, although there are no direct statements in the New Testament concerning His impaired vision. |
My eye has wasted away because of affliction (Psalm 88:9a). You have exalted the right hand of his adversaries; You have made all his enemies rejoice. (Psalm 89:42). |
Just as many were astonished by you, so His appearance was marred more than any man and His form more than the sons of me (Isa. 52:14). |
And the men who held Jesus in custody were mocking Him and beating Him. Furthermore, they blindfolded Him and kept asking Him, “Prophesy, who is the one who hit You?” (Luke 22:63–64). And the soldiers wove a crown of thorns and placed it on His head and arrayed Him in a purple robe; and they began to come up to Him and say, “Hail, King of the Jews!” and to give Him blows to the face (John 19:2–3). |
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“If I speak, my pain is not lessened...” (Job 16:6a). |
And I am like a dumb man who does not speak...And in whose mouth are no arguments (Psalm 38:13b, 14b). |
He was oppressed and He was afflicted, yet He did not open His mouth. Like a lamb that is led to slaughter and a sheep that is silent before its shearers, so He did not open His mouth (Isa. 53:7). |
Now Herod was very glad when He saw Jesus, for he had wanted to see Him for a long time because he had been hearing about Him and was hoping to see some sign performed by Him. And he question Him at some length, but He answered him nothing. And the chief priests and the scribes were standing there, accusing Him vehemently (Luke 23:8–10). And while He was being accused by the chief priests and elders, He made no answer. Then Pilate said to Him, “Do You not hear how many things they testify against You?” And He did not answer him with regard to even a single charge, so that the governor was quite amazed (Matt. 27:12–14; see also Mark 15:3–5). And he entered the Praetorium again and said to Jesus, “Where are You from?” But Jesus game him no answer. Pilate therefore said to Him, “You do not speak to me? Do You not know that I have authority to release You and I have authority to crucify You?” (John 19:9–10). |
And when Philip had run up, he heard him reading Isaiah the prophet, and said, “Do you understand what you are reading? And he said, “Well, how could I, unless someone guides me?” And he invited Philip to come up and sit with him. Now the passage of Scripture which he was reading was this: He was led as a sheep to slaughter and as a lamb before its shearer is silent, so He does not open His mouth. In humiliation, His judgement was taken away. Who will relate His generation for His life is removed from the earth. And the eunuch answered Philip and said, “Please tell me, of whom does the prophet say this? Of himself, or of someone else?” And Philip opened his mouth and beginning from the Old Testament he preached Jesus to him (Acts 8:30–35). |
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“...and if I hold back [from speaking], what will that do for me?” (Job 16:6b). |
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Pilate against entered into the Praetorium and summoned Jesus and said to Him, “You are the King of the Jews?” Jesus answered, “Are you saying this on your own initiative, or did others tell you about Me?” Pilate answered, “I am not a Jew, am I? Your own nation and the chief priests delivered You up to me; what have You done?” Jesus answered, “My kingdom is not of this world. If My kingdom were of this world, then My servants would be fighting, that I might not be delivered up to the Jews, but as it is, My kingdom is not of this realm.” Pilate therefore said to Him, “So You are a king?” Jesus answered, “You say so correctly that I am a king. For this I have been born and for this I have come into the world to bear witness to the truth. Everyone who is of the truth hears My voice.” (John 18:33–38). Pilate therefore said to Him, “You do not speak to me? Do You not know that I have authority to release You and I have authority to crucify You?” Jesus answered, “You would have no authority over Me unless it had been given to you from above. For this reason, he who delivered Me up to you has the greater sin.” As a result of this, Pilate made efforts to release Him (John 19:10–12a). |
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They have amassed themselves against me (Job 16:10c). |
Those who seek my life lay snares for me; and those who seek to injure me, have threatened destruction and they devise treachery all day long (Psalm 38:12). For they have opened the wicked and deceitful mouth against me; they have spoken against me with a lying tongue. They have surrounded me also with words of hatred (Psalm 109:2–3a). All nations surround Me (Psalm 118:10a). |
He was despised and forsaken of men...He was oppressed and He was afflicted (Isa. 53:3a, 7a). |
In the same way the chief priests along with the scribes and elders, were mocking Him (Matt. 27:1). |
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God hands me over to ruffians and He tosses me into the hands of the wicked (Job 16:11). |
For dogs have surrounded me; a band of evil men have encompassed me (Psalm 22:16). |
By oppression and judgment, He was led away (Isa. 53:8a). |
Then the chief priests and the elders of the people, accompanied by a great multitude with swords and clubs...came and laid hands on Jesus and seized Him (Matt. 26:47b, 50b). |
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“But now, He has exhausted me...and You have shriveled me up; [my weakness] rises up against me, testifying against me...all my limbs are a shadow [of what they once were].” (Job 16:7a, 8 17:7b). |
I am poured out like water and all my bones are out of joint (Psalm 22:14a). I have become a man without strength (Psalm 88:4b). |
He has no stately form or majesty that we should look upon Him, nor appearance that we should be attracted to Him...Jehovah willed to crush Him, putting Him to grief (Isa. 53:2b, 10a). |
They took Jesus therefore, and He went out, bearing His own cross, to the place called...Golgotha (John 19:17a, c). And when they led Him away, they laid hold of one Simon, a Cyrenian, coming in from the country, and placed upon him the cross to carry behind Jesus (Luke 23:26). Jesus was one of the strongest men to have ever lived, because His body had not been corrupted with the old sin nature. |
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And He was numbered with the transgressors, yet He Himself bore the sin of the many and interceded for the transgressors (Isa. 53:12b). |
“That which is written must be fulfilled in Me: And He was classed among criminals; for that which refers to Me has its fulfillment.” (Luke 22:37b). And when they came to the place called The Skull there they crucified Him and the criminals, one on the right and the other on the left (Luke 23:33). |
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He has made me a byword of the people (Job 17:6a) |
But I am a worm, and not a man. A reproach of men and despised by the people. All who see me sneer at me (Psalm 22:6–7a). My enemies speak evil of me...all who hate me whisper together against me (Psalm 41:5a, 7a). When I made sackcloth my clothing, I became a byword to them. Those who sit in the gate and talk about me, and I am the song of drunkards (Psalm 69:11–12). |
Thus says Jehovah, the Redeemer of Israel, and her Holy One to the Despised One, to the One abhorred by the nation, to the Servant of rulers: “Kings will see and arise, princes will also bow down, because of Jehovah, Who is faithful, the Holy One of Israel Who has chosen You.” (Isa. 49:7). He was despised and forsaken of men (Isa. 53:3a). |
And the soldiers mocked Him...And one of the criminals who were hanged hurled abuse at Him (Luke 23:36a, 39a). |
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And I am one at whom men spit (Job 17:6b). |
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I did not cover My face from humiliation and spitting (Isa. 50:6b). |
And Jesus took the twelve aside and said to them, “Listen, we are going up to Jerusalem, and all things which are written through the prophets about the Son of Man will be accomplished. For He will be delivered up to the Gentiles and will be mocked and mistreated and spit upon (Luke 18:31–32). Then they spit in His face and beat Him with their fists; and others slapped Him...And they spit on Him and took the reed and began to beat Him on the head (Matt. 26:67 27:30). And some began to spit at Him and to blindfold Him and to beat Him with their fists (Mark 14:65a). |
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Although there is no violence in my hands and my prayer is pure (Job 16:1). |
The kings of the earth take their stand and the rulers take counsel together against Jehovah and against His Anointed One (Psalm 2:2). |
I was not disobedient and I did not turn back (Isa. 50:4b). Although He had done no violence, nor was there any deceit in His mouth (Isa. 53:9b). Who has a case against Me? (Isa. 50:8b). |
Then Pilate said, “What evil has He done?” (Matt. 27:23a). But the other criminal...said, “We are receiving what we deserve for our deeds; but this man has done nothing wrong.” (Luke 23:40a, 41b). And Pilate summoned the chief priests and the rulers and the people, and said to them, “You brought this man to me as one who incites the people to rebellion, and observe, having examined Him before you, I have found no guilt in this man regarding the charges which you make against Him.” (Luke 23:13–14; see also John 18:38b 19:4, 6). |
For you have been called for this purpose, since Christ also suffered for you, leaving you an example for you to follow in His steps, Who committed no sin, nor was any deceit found in His mouth (1Peter 2:21–22). |
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You are sorry comforters...my friends are my scoffers (Job 16:2b, 20a). |
Even my close friend, in whom I trusted, who ate my bread, raised up his heel against me (Psalm 41:9). I have become estranged from my brothers, and I am an alien to my mother’s sons...reproach has broken my heart and I am so sick; and I have looked for sympathy, but there as none. And I looked for comforters, but I found none (Psalm 69:8, 20). In return for my love, they are my accusers (Psalm 109:4a). |
He was despised and we did not hold Him in high regard...we ourselves saw Him as stricken (Isa. 53:3b, 4b). |
While He was still speaking, observe, a multitude came with the one called Judas, one of the twelve disciples, was preceding them; and he approached Jesus to kiss Him. But Jesus said to him, “Judas, are you betraying the Son of Man with a kiss?” (Luke 22:47–48). He knew the one who was betraying Him; for this reason, He said, “Not all of you are clean...I know the ones I have chosen; but so the Scripture might be fulfilled, he who east My bread has lifted up his heel against Me.” (John 13:11, 18b). |
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“Furthermore, they will take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and on the overhead portion of the houses in which they eat the Passover lamb.” (Ex. 12:7). When the blood was placed on the door jams and above (which would drip to the ground), we have a picture of the literal blood of Jesus’ palms, head and feet while on the cross. |
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“Observe, I have inscribed you on the palms of My hands.” (Isa. 49:16a). |
But Thomas said to them, “Unless I see in His hands the imprint of the nails, and place my finger into the place of the nails, and put my hand into His side, I will not believe.” Then Jesus said to Thomas, “Reach here your finger and see My hands; and reach here your hand and put it into My side; and become not unbelieving, but believing.” (John 20:25, 27). |
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Reproach has broken my heart and I am so sick. I looked for sympathy, but there was one. I looked for comforters, but I found none. They gave me gall for my food and for my thirst, they gave me vinegar to drink (Psalm 69:20–21). |
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They gave Him wine to drink mingled with gall; and after tasting it, He was unwilling to drink it (Matt. 27:34). |
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The word which came to Jeremiah from Jehovah, saying, “Arise, go down to the potter’s house and there I will announce My words to you.” (Jer. 18:1–2). And I said to them, “If it is good in your sight, give me my wages, but if not, cease!” So they weighed out 30 shekels of silver as my wages. Then Jehovah said to me, “Throw it to the potter, a magnificent price at which I was valued by them.” So I took the 30 shekels of silver and threw them to the potter in the house of Jehovah (Zech. 11:12–13). And Jeremiah said, “The word of Jehovah came to me saying, ‘Listen, Hanamel ben Shallu your uncle’s son is coming to you, saying, “But for yourself my field which is at Anathoth, for you have the right of redemption to buy it.” ’...and I bought the field which was at Anathoth from Hanamel my uncle’s son, and I weighed out the silver for him, seventeen shekels of silver.” (Jer. 32:6–7, 9). ...as Jehovah commanded me (Jer. 13:5b). |
Then when Judas, who had betrayed Him, saw that He had been condemned, he felt remorse and returned the 30 pieces of silver to the chief priests and elders, saying, “I have sinned by betraying innocent blood.” But they said, “What is that to us? That is your problem.” And he threw the pieces of silver into the sanctuary and departed; and he went away and hanged himself. And the chief priests took the pieces of silver and said, “It is now lawful to put them into the temple treasury, since it is the price of blood.” And they counseled together and with the money bought the Potter’s Field as a burial place for strangers. For this reason tat field has been called the Field of Blood to this day. Then that which was spoken through Jeremiah the prophet was fulfilled, saying, And they took the 30 pieces of silver, the price of the one whose price had been set by the sons of Israel; and they gave them for the Potter’s Field, as the Lord directed me (Matt. 27:3–10). |
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“...and He stands against me, my deceptive [physicality] testifies to my face.” (Job 16:7b). |
My God, my God, why have You forsaken me? Far from my deliverance are the words of my screaming. O my God, I cry out by day, but You do not answer. And by night, but I have no rest (Psalm 22:1–2). O Jehovah, the God of my salvation, I have cried out by day and in the night before You...I have called upon You every day, O Jehovah; I have spread out my hands to You...But I, O Jehovah, have cried out to You for help and in the morning my prayer comes before You. O Jehovah, why do You reject my soul? Why do You hide Your face from me? (Psalm 88:1, 9, 13–14). |
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And about the ninth hour, Jesus cried out with a loud voice, saying, “Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani?” that is, “My God, My God, why have You forsaken Me?” (Matt. 27:46). |
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I am poured out like water and all my bones are out of joint. My heart is like wax, melted within me. My strength is dried up like potsherd and my tongue cleaves to my jaws—and You lay me in the dust of death (Psalm 22:14–15). I am benumbed and badly crushed. I groan because of the agitation of my heart (Psalm 38:8) |
He was despised and forsaken of men. A man of sorrows and acquainted with grief and like one from whom men hide their face. He was despised and we did not esteem Him (Isa. 53:3). |
There [on the place called Golgotha] they crucified Him, and with Him, two other men, one on either side, and Jesus in between (John 19:18). Psalm 22 and Isa. 53 are by far the most detailed examinations of the cross, and both were written hundreds of years before the birth of our Lord. |
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This is the ordinance of the Passover...it is to be eaten in a single house; you are not to bring forth any of the flesh outside of the house, nor are you to break any bone of it. All the congregation of Israel are to celebrate this (Ex. 12:43b, 46–47). “They will leave none of the Passover until morning, nor break a bone of it, according to all of the statue of the Passover (Num. 9:12a). |
For himself, he has set me up as a target; his many [soldiers] surround me. He pierces my kidneys and he does not have compassion [for me]; he pours out my bile upon the earth (Job 16:12b–13). |
For dogs have surrounded me; a band of evildoers has encompassed me; they pierced my hands and my feet. I can count all my bones. They look, they stare at me; (Psalm 22:16–17). He keeps all his bones; not one of them is broken (Psalm 34:20). |
“And I will pour out on the house of David and on the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the Spirit of grace and of supplication, so that they will look on Me, Whom they have pierced, and they will mourn for Him, as one mourns for an only son, and they will weep bitterly over Him, like the bitter weeping over a firstborn (Zech. 12:10). |
The soldiers, therefore, ...crucified Jesus...the soldiers therefore came and broke the legs of the first man, and of the other man who was crucified with Him, but coming to Jesus, when they saw that He was already dead, they did not break His legs; but one of the soldiers pierced His side with the spear, and immediately there came out blood and water...for these things came to pass that the Scripture might be fulfilled: Not a bone of Him will be broken; and again another Scripture says, They will look on Him Whom they have pierced (John 19:23a, 32–34, 36–37). |
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“Your lamb will be an unblemished male...and you will keep it until the fourteenth day of the same month, then the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel is to kill it at twilight (Ex. 12:5a, 6). |
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In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, you will have the Passover, a feast of seven days; unleavened bread will be eaten (Ezek. 45:21). |
Jesus and the disciples celebrated the Passover the night during which He was betrayed (Mark 14–15 John 18–19). The soldiers therefore...crucified Jesus (John 19:23a). |
For Christ, our Passover, has also been sacrificed (1Cor. 5:7). |
“Then the priest will take one male lamb and bring it for a guilt offering...Next he will slaughter the male lamb in the place where they slaughter the sin offering and the burnt offering, at the place of the sanctuary—for the guilt offering, like the sin offering, belongs to the priest; it is most holy.” (Lev. 14:12a, 13). And Abraham took the wood of the burnt offering and laid it on Isaac his son, and he took in his hand the fire and the knife. So the two of them walked on together. And Isaac spoke to Abraham his father and said, “My father!” And he said, “Here I am, my son.” And he said, “Observe, the first and the wood, but where is the lamb for the burnt offering?” And Abraham said, “God will provide for Himself the lamb for the burnt offering, my son.” (Gen. 22:6–8a). |
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Send the lamb to the ruler of the land, from Petra by way of the wilderness to the mountain of the daughter of Zion (Isa. 16:1). He was oppressed and He was afflicted, yet He did not open His mouth like a lamb that is led to the slaughter...Jehovah willed to crush Him, putting Him to grief, if He would render Himself a guilt offering...He was numbered with the transgressors, yet He Himself bore the sin of many and interceded for the transgressors (Isa. 53:7a, 10, 12). “And you will provide a lamb a year old without blemish for a burnt offering to Jehovah daily; morning by morning you will provide it.” (Ezek. 46:13). |
The next day, John the Baptizer saw Jesus coming to him, and said, “Observe, the Lamb of God, Who takes away the sin of the world.” (John 1:29). John also points out Jesus as the Lamb of God to Simon Peter’s brother, Andrew, who then follows Jesus, and later brings Peter to meet Jesus, Whom he calls the Messiah (John 1:35–40). |
[You were redeemed] with precious blood, as of a lamb unblemished and spotless—the blood of Christ (1Peter 1:19). Throughout the book of Revelation, Jesus is called the Lamb of God (Rev. 5:6, 8, 12, 13 6:1, 16) |
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They divide my garments among them and for my clothing they cast lots (Psalm 22:18). |
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The soldiers, therefore, when they had crucified Jesus, took His outer garments and made four parts, a part to every soldier and the tunic; now the tunic was seamless, woven in one piece. They said, therefore, o one another, “Let us not tear it, but cast lots for it, to determine whose it will be, that the Scripture might be fulfilled, They divided up His garments among themselves, casing lots (John 19:23–24). |
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“I too...could shake my head at you” (Job 16:4a, 4c). |
All who see me sneer at me. They separate with the lip; they wag the head (Psalm 22:7). |
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And those passing hurled abuse at Him, wagging their heads (Mark 15:29a). |
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“I look for Sheol as my home. I make my bed in darkness.” (Job 17:13). |
For You will not abandon my soul to Sheol, nor will You allow Your Holy One to undergo decay (Psalm 16:10). O Jehovah, You have brought my soul up from Sheol; You have kept me alive, that I should not go down to the pit (Psalm 30:3). My life has been drawn near to Sheol and I am reckoned among those who go down to the pit...forsaken among the dead, like the slain who lie in the grave...You have put me in the lowest pit, in dark places, in the depths (Psalm 88:3b–4a, 5a, 6). |
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“...for just as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the sea monster, so will the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.” (Matt. 12:40). Now from the sixth hour, darkness fell upon all the land until the ninth hour (Matt. 27:45). |
“And David, because he was a prophet, knew that God had sworn to him with an oath to seat from his descendants upon the throne; he looked ahead and spoke of the resurrection of the Christ, that He was neither abandoned to Hades nor did His flesh suffer corruption (Acts 2:30–31). |
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I was at ease [in prosperity] and then He shattered me. Then He grabbed my neck and broke me [into pieces]. For himself, he has set me up as a target; his many [soldiers] surround me. He pierces my kidneys and he does not have compassion [for me]; he pours out my bile upon the earth (Job 16:12–13). |
Against me, they devise my hurt, saying, “A wicked thing is poured upon him.” (Psalm 41:7b–8a). I am afflicted and in pain. May Your deliverance, O God, set me on high (Psalm 69:29). Your wrath has rested upon Me and You have afflicted Me with all Your waves...Your burning anger has passed over me; Your terrors have destroyed me. They have surrounded me like water all day long; they have encompassed me altogether (Psalm 88:7, 10–11). Because of Your indignation and Your wrath, You have lifted me up and case me away (Psalm 102:10). Jehovah has disciplined Me severely, but He has not given Me over to death (Psalm 118:18). |
Surely our sickness, He Himself took away and our pains, He carried; yet we ourselves esteemed Him stricken and afflicted. And He was pierced through for our transgressions, He was crushed for our iniquities; the chastening for our peace was upon Him...He was oppressed and He was afflicted...the Lord was pleased to crush Him (Isa. 53:4–5, 7a, 10a). |
And Jesus took the twelve aside and said to them, “...The Son of Man...will be delivered up to the Gentiles...and after they have scourged Him , they will kill Him; and the third day, He will rise again.” (Luke 18:31a, 32a, 33). Then Pilate therefore took Jesus and scourged Him (John 19:1). |
For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received, that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, and that He was buried and that He was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures (1Cor. 15:3–4). |
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His grave was assigned to be with wicked men, yet with a rich man in His deaths (Isa. 53:9a). |
At the time, two robbers were crucified with Him, one on the right and one on the left...and when it was evening, there came a rich man from Arimathea named Joseph, who himself had also become a disciple of Jesus. This man came to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus. Then Pilate ordered it to be given over to him. And Joseph took the body and wrapped it in a clean linen cloth, and laid it in his own new tomb, which he had hewn out in the rock; and he rolled a large stone against the entrance of the tomb and went away (Matt. 27:38, 57–60). |
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“If I look for Sheol as my home, I make my bed in the darkness; if I call to the pit, ‘You are my father,’ and to the worm, ‘You are my mother and sister’; where now is my confidence and who regards my confidence? Will it go down with me to Sheol? Will we go down together into the dust?” (Job 17:13–16). |
For my soul has had enough troubles and my life has drawn near to Sheol. I am reckoned among those who go down to the pit; I...am forsaken among the dead, like the slain who lie in the grave, whom You remember no more and are cut off from your hand. You have placed me in the lowest pit in dark places, in the depths (Psalm 88:3–4a, 5–6). |
By oppression and judgment He was taken away, and for His generation, who considered that He was cut off from the land of the living (Isa. 53:8). |
“Just as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the sea monster, so will the Son of Man be three day sand three nights in the heart of the earth.” (Matt. 12:40). |
Who will descend into the abyss? (That is, to bring Christ up from the dead?) (Rom. 10:7). |
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For You will not abandon my soul to Sheol; neither will You allow Your Holy One to see corruption (Psalm 16:10). But God will redeem My soul from the power of Sheol; for He will receive Me (Psalm 49:15). Will Your perform wonders for the dead? (Psalm 88:10a). |
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From that time, Jesus Christ began to show His disciples that He must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things from the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed and be raised up on the third day (Matt. 16:21). And the angel answered and said to the women, “Do not be afraid; for I know that you are looking for Jesus Who has been crucified. He is not here, for He has risen, just as He said.” (Matt. 28:5–6a). For as yet they did not understand the Scripture, that He must rise again from the dead (John 20:9). Mary Magdalene, [after the crucifixion] came, announcing to the disciples, “I have see the Lord,,” and He had said these things to her (John 16:18). |
“God has fulfilled this promise to our children in that He raised up Jesus, as it is also written in the second Psalm, You are My Son; today I have begotten You. And He raised Him up from the dead, no more to return to decay, He has...also said, You will not allow Your Holy One to undergo decay.” (Acts 13:33–34a, 35b). For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received, that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures and that He was buried, and that He was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures...and if Christ has not ben raised, then our preaching is vain, and your faith is vain (1Cor. 15:3–4, 14). The God of peace brought up from the dead the great Shepherd of the sheep through the blood of the eternal covenant, even Jesus Christ our Lord (Heb. 13:20). |
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“But how can a man be in the right before God?” (Job 9:2b). |
There is no one who does good...they have all turned aside, together, they have become corrupt. There is no one who does good, not even one (Psalm 14:1b, 3; see also 53:3). |
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There is none righteous, not even one; there is none who understand, and there is none who seeks for God (Rom. 3:10). If we say that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves and the truth is not in us...if we say that we have not sinned, we make Him a liar, and His Word is not in us (1John 1:8, 10) |
“...but from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, you will not eat, for in the day you eat from it, in dying, you will die.” (Gen. 2:17). |
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The soul who sins will die...the person who sins will die (Ezek. 18:4b, 20a). |
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The wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord (Rom. 6:23). Therefore, just as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin, and so death spread to all men because all have sinned (Rom. 5:12). |
The body and the blood of the animal was offered in a burnt offering, a peace offering, sin offering and a guilt offering (Lev. 1:4–6 3:1, 7–16 4:3–12 5:1–13). On the Great Day of Atonement, the High Priest entered into the Holy of Holies and sprinkled blood on the Ark, which was a type of Christ (Lev. 16:3–20). |
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“And as for you, son of man, thus proclaims Jehovah God, ‘Speak to every kind of bird and to every beast of the field: Assemble and come, gather from every side to My sacrifice which I am going to sacrifice for you, as a great sacrifice on the mountains of Israel, that you may eat flesh and drink blood.’ ” (Ezek. 39:17). This passage, like many throughout Scripture, has a double meaning. |
“Drink from the cup, all of you, for this is My blood of the covenant which is to be shed on behalf of the many for forgiveness of sins.” (Matt. 26:27b–28). |
“...the Church of God, which He purchased with His own blood” (Acts 20:28). In Christ, we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of our trespasses, according to the riches of His grace (Eph. 1:7). The blood of Jesus, God’s Son, cleanses us from all sin (1John 1:7b). |
“For I have chosen him, in order that he may command his children and his household after him to keep the way of Jehovah by doing righteousness and justice; in order that Jehovah may bring upon Abraham what He has spoken about him.” (Gen. 18:19). |
The Righteous One will take a hold of His way (Job 17:9a). |
Commit your way to Jehovah; trust also in Him, and He will do it...The steps of a man are established by Jehovah; and He delights in his way (Psalm 37:5, 23). God be gracious to us and bless us—cause His face to shine upon us, that Your way may be known on the earth; Your salvation is among all nations (Psalm 67:1–2). |
And many peoples will come and say, “Come, let us go up to the mountain of Jehovah, to the house of God of Jacob, that He may teach us concerning His ways.” (Isa. 2:3). Each of us has turned to his own way, but Jehovah has caused the iniquity of us all to fall on Him (Isa. 53:6b). He stood and surveyed the earth; he looked and startled the nations. Yes, the perpetual mountains were shattered, the ancient hills collapsed, yet His ways are everlasting (Habak. 3:6). |
Jesus said to Him, “I am the way, and the truth and the life; no one comes to the Father, but through Me.” (John 14:6). |
And many will follow their sensuality, and because of them, the way of the truth will be maligned (2Peter 2:2). |
And God said to Abraham, “Take now your son, your only son, whom you love, Isaac, and go to the land of Moriah; and offer him there asa burnt offering on one of the mountains of which I will tell you.” So the two of them walked on together. Then they came to the place which God had told him; and Abraham built the altar there, and arranged the wood, and bound his son, Isaac, and laid him on the altar on top of the wood. And Abraham stretched out his hand, and took th knife to slay his son (Gen. 22:2, 6b–10). |
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“And they will look upon Me, Whom they have pierced; and they will mourn for Him, as one mourns for an only son, and they will weep bitterly over Him, lie the bitter weeping over a firstborn.” (Zech. 12:10b). He Himself bore the sin of many (Isa. 53:12b). |
The Jews answered Pilate; “We have a law, and by that law, He ought to die because He made Himself out as the Son of God.” (John 19:7). These things have been written so that you may believe that Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God, and that by believing, you may have life in His name (John 20:31). |
For, if while we were enemies, we were reconciled to God through the death of His Son, much more, having been reconciled, we will be delivered by His life...God did not spare His own Son, but delivered Him up for us all (Rom. 5:10 8:32a). [Animal sacrifices are no longer to be offered] as they crucify the Son of God afresh, and put Him to open shame (Heb. 6:6b). Was not Abraham our father also justified by works when he offered up Isaac his son on the altar? (James 2:21). The blood of Jesus, His Son, cleanses us from all sin...God loved us and send His son, the propitiation for our sins (1John 1:7b 4:10b). |
“And the blood [on the doors] will be a sign for you on the houses where you live; and when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and no plague will befall you to destroy you while I strike the land of Egypt.” (Ex. 12:13). When the blood was placed on both door sills and on the top of the door opening, these were also the wounds of Jesus, on His hands, head, and feet (the blood from the top of the door sill would have dripped down). |
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In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, you will have the Passover, a feast of seven days; unleavened bread will be eaten (Ezek. 45:21). |
On the first day of the Feast of Unleavened bread, the Passover lamb was slaughtered and eaten. Jesus celebrated the Passover with His disciples in Jerusalem, and instituted the Lord’s Supper at that time (Mark 14:12–25). It was that night that Jesus was betrayed and the next morning when He was crucified (Mark 14:3265 15:1–37 Luke 22:13–23, 39–71 23:1–46). |
For Christ, our Passover lamb, also has been sacrificed (1Cor. 5:7b). By faith, Moses kept the Passover and the sprinkling of the blood, so that he who destroyed the firstborn might not touch them (Heb. 11:28). And to Jesus, the mediator of a new covenant, and to the sprinkled blood, which speaks better than the blood of Abel (Heb. 12:24). |
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Therefore, He Himself took away our sickness and our sorrows He carried, yet we ourselves esteemed Him as stricken, struck down of God and afflicted. But He was pierced through for our transgressions; He was crushed for our iniquities. The chastening for our peace was upon Him and by His scourging we are healed. All of us like sheep have gone astray, each of us has turned to his own way; but Jehovah has caused the iniquity of us all to fall on Him...Jehovah willed to crush Him, putting Him to grief, if He would render Himself as a guilt offering...as a result of the anguish of His soul, He will see and be satisfied by His knowledge the Righteous One, My Servant, will justify the many, as He will bear their iniquities...as He Himself bore the sin of many (Isa. 53:4–6, 10a, 11, 12b). |
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He was delivered up because of our transgressions and He was raised because of our justification (Rom. 4:25). And He Himself bore our sins in His body on the cross, that we might die to sin and live to righteousness; for by His wounds you were reconciled. For you were continually straying like sheep, but now you have returned to the Shepherd and Guardian of your souls (1Peter 2:24–25). |
When I see the blood, I will pass over you (Ex. 12:13b). Blood sacrifices are found again and again throughout the Law—see Ex. 24 29 Lev. 4 7 8 14 16 19 In the day of the assembly, saying, ‘Let me not add to hear the voice of Yehowah my God, and this great fire; let me not see anymore, and I die not.’ [Deut. 18:16] |
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What profit is there in my blood, if I go down to the pit? Will the dust praise You? Will it declare Your faithfulness? Hear, O Jehovah, and be gracious to me; O Jehovah, be my Helper (Psalm 30:9–10). |
But as for you, because of the blood of My covenant with you, I have set your prisoners free from the waterless pit (Zech. 9:11). |
And He took a cup and gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, “Drink from it, all of you; for this is My blood of the covenant which is shed on behalf of many for the forgiveness of sins.” (Matt. 26:27–28). “Truly truly, I say to you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man an drink His blood, you have no life in yourselves. He who eats My flesh and drinks My blood has eternal life and I will raise him up on the last day.” (John 6:53–54). |
And for this reason, He is the mediator of a new testament, in order that since a death has taken place for the redemption of the transgressions that were committed under the first testament, those who have been called may receive the promise of the eternal inheritance. For where a testament is there must of necessity be the death of the one who made it. For a testament is valid when men are dead, for it is never in force while the one who made it lives. Therefore, even the first testament was not inaugurated without blood. For when every commandment had been spoken my Moses to all the people according to the Law, he took the blood of the calves and the goats, with water and scarlet wool and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book itself and all the people, saying, “This is the blood of the testament which God commanded you.” (Heb. 9:15–19). |
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My Servant will justify the many...He Himself bore the sin of many and interceded for the transgressors (Isa. 53:11b, 12b). |
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He was delivered up because of our transgressions and He was raised because of our justification (Rom. 4:25). For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received, that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, and that He was buried and that He was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures (1Cor. 15:3–4). |
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Therefore, our griefs He Himself took away and our sorrows He carried...He was pierced through for our transgressions and He was crushed for our iniquities; the chastening for our peace fell upon Him and by His scourging, we are healed. All of us like sheep have gone astray, each of us has turned to his own way, but Jehovah has caused the iniquity of us all to all on Him (Isa. 53:4a, 5–6). |
But a certain one of them Caiaphas, who was the High Priest that year, said to them, “You know nothing at all, nor to you take into account that it is expedient for you that one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation should not perish.” Now this he did not say on his own initiative, but being High Priest that year, he prophesied that Jesus was going to die for the nation, and not for the nation only, but that He might also gather together into one the children of God who are scattered abroad (John 11:49–52). |
So Christ, also, having been offered once to bear the sins of many, will appear a second time for deliverance without sin, to those who eagerly await Him (Heb. 9:28). And He Himself bore our sins in His body on the cross, that we might die to sin and live to righteousness, for by His wounds you were reconciled. For you wire continually straying like sheep, but now you have returned to the Shepherd and Guardian of your souls (1Peter 2:24–25). |
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Do homage to the Son, so that He does not become angry, and you perish in the way, for His wrath may soon be kindled. How blessed are all who take refuge in Him! (Psalm 2:12). And Jehovah will judge the world in righteousness; He will execute judgment for the peoples with equity (Psalm 9:8). Jehovah is coming, for He is coming to judge the earth. He will judge the world in righteousness and the peoples in faithfulness. (Psalm 96:13b; see also 98:9). |
“Listen, the days are coming,’ declares Jehovah, “When I will raise up for David a righteous Branch and He will reign as king and act wisely and He will execute justice and righteousness in the land...and He will be called, ‘Jehovah, our righteousness.’ ” (Jer. 23:5, 6b). |
“For not even the Father judges any one, but He has given all judgment to the Son.” (John 5:22). |
“And Jesus ordered us to proclaim to the people and solemnly to testify that this is the One Who has been appointed by God as Judge of the living and the dead.” (Acts 10:42). “He has fixed a day in which He will judge the world in righteousness through a Man Whom He has appointed, having furnished proof to all men by raising Him from the dead.” (Acts 17:31). |