Absolute
The absolute is the normal, unqualified state of a noun or of the nominative form. This tells us that we are dealing with our subject. The absolute often distinguishes the noun from its construct. A verb can be in the absolute state.
Apocopated
Apocopated means that the verb has been shortened. Generally, this means that the final hê (ה) and the vowel which precedes it are dropped. Apocopation is used when the verb functions as a jussive or when the verb is affixed to a wâw consecutive (here, it is affixed to a wâw conjunction).
Cohortative
The cohortative expresses volition. In the English, we often render this with let or may; in the plural, this can be let us. The cohortative is designed for the 1st person, it can express a wish or a desire or purpose or an intent. It is found in conditional statements.
Infinitive absolute
The infinitive absolute has four uses: ➊ when found alone, it sometimes
acts as an English gerund, so that we may add ing to the end of the verb;
➋ When found directly before its verbal cognate, it serves to intensify or
strengthen the action or the meaning of the verb which follows; ➌ When it
follows its cognate verb, it emphasizes the duration or the continuation of the
verbal idea; and, ➍ it is sometimes used as a substitute for a finite verb form.
Infinitive construct
An infinitive construct of a verb can accept a subject and an object. The
subject is identified by a pronominal suffix. This is why many translators
render my soul as the subject of the sentence. Gibson writes that the
infinitive construct can act just like a verb prior to the object. That is, the
substantive which follows is the object of the verb. A construct generally acts
as a genitive of relation and we often place between it and the following
substantive the word of to indicate that. However, the infinitive construct can
serve in any nominal capacity: subject, predicate, object of a preposition.
The infinitive construct is one of the two infinitives found in the Hebrew
language without reference to person, gender or number. The short
explanation is that the lâmed plus the infinitive construct can introduce a
purpose clause, a result clause or a temporal clause. It can act as a noun or a
gerund in any syntactic position. The subject or agent will generally follow an
infinitive construct. The subject can be separated from the infinitive by the
object or by other intervening words, breaking the construct relation and the
infinitive construct acts primarily as a verb.
Infinitive Construct with the bêyth preposition
The infinitive construct, when combined with the bêyth preposition, can often take on a temporal meaning and may be rendered when [such and such happens]. It can serve as a temporal marker that denotes an event which occurs simultaneously with the action of the main verb.
Infinitive construct with the kaph preposition
The kaph preposition, or ke ( ׃) [pronounced ke], which means like, as, according to, when this is combined with an infinitive, it can also take on the meanings as, often, when, as soon as. It carries with it a temporal connotation.
Infinitive Construct with the lâmed preposition
The lâmed with an infinitive construct generally expresses purpose or result,
although it can have three other common uses with the infinitive: (1) It can
have a gerundial or adverbial sense to explain the circumstances of a
previous action; (2) it can act as a periphrastic future in nominal clauses; and,
(3) it can behave as a gerund, in the sense of is to be, must be, ought to be.
(4) Lâmed with the infinitive can connote shall or must.
Jussive
A jussive expresses the speaker’s desire, wish or command. We often add
into the translation may or let.
The jussive expresses volition in the third
person and its ideas are dependent upon the relationship between the parties
involved. When it is a superior to an underling, it may represent a command,
instruction or the granting of permission. In the other direction, the jussive
would be a request, a prayer or a request for permission. With the negative,
the jussive expresses prohibition or denial.
Unfortunately, there is generally
nothing which distinguishes a jussive in the imperfect tense (there are a few
verbs which are exceptions.
Voluntative
The voluntative is alluded to in Owen’s, but I can’t find this terminology in any of my Hebrew grammar books, nor in ZPDB or any other Hebrew source whatsoever. This is probably the jussive. What we have here is the letter hê as a suffix to the verb. The translators who do not acknowledge any sort of difference are The Amplified Bible, Keil and Delitzsch, KJV, Noyes—in fact, the only place where we find any sort of difference in translation is with The Emphasized Bible, with Owen, and, with, of all places, Today’s English Version. I am going to tentatively go with the idea of being compelled by oneself and use the words let, I must, I could, I would, I should, I may.