Preface: Exodus 8 is the narrative of 3 plagues (plagues 2–4): (1) the plague of the frogs; (2) the plague of the gnats; and (3) the plague of the warming insects (often called, the plague of the flies).

The Bible Summary of Exodus 8 (in 140 characters or less): The LORD sent a plague of frogs on Egypt. Pharaoh begged for relief but then hardened his heart. The LORD sent gnats and then flies.

There are many chapter commentaries on the book of Exodus. This will be the most extensive examination of Exodus 8, where you will be able to examine in depth every word of the original text. Every attempt has been made to make this both a complete and self-contained study. Therefore, all references, vocabulary, and related concepts should be found within this extensive study. Easy access links to more in-depth studies of some vocabulary words, concepts and doctrines are also provided.

Outline of Chapter 8:

Introduction

         vv.     1–15         Plague 2: Frogs

           vv.     1–4          The Warning of the Plague of Frogs

           vv.     5–6          The Execution of the Plague of Frogs

           vv.     7–8          The Imitation and the Plea Concerning the Plague of Frogs

           vv.     9–15        Moses Appeals to God and God Removes the Frogs; Pharaoh Hardens His Heart

         vv.    16–19         Plague 3: Gnats

         vv.    20–32         Plague 4: Swarms of Insects

           vv.    20–23        The Warning of the Plague of Insect Swarms

           v.       24           The Execution of the Plague of Insect Swarms

           vv.    25–28        Pharaoh Backs Down Because of the Plague of Insect Swarms

           vv.    29–32        Moses Warns Pharaoh; Pharaoh Hardens His Heart

Chapter Summary

Addendum

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines:

         Preface               Quotations

         Introduction         Fundamental Questions About Exodus 8

         Introduction         The Prequel of Exodus 8

         Introduction         The Principals of Exodus 8

         Introduction         The Places of Exodus 8

         Introduction         Timeline for Exodus 8

         Introduction         A Synopsis of Exodus 8

         Introduction         Outlines of Exodus 8 (Various Commentators)

         Introduction         Synopsis of Exodus 8 from the Summarized Bible

         Introduction         The Big Picture (Exodus 7–10)

         Introduction         By the Numbers

         Introduction         Paragraph Divisions of Modern Translation for Exodus 8

         Introduction         Changes—additions and subtractions (for Exodus 8)

         v.       2              Exodus 7:25–8:2

         v.       3              Frogs on a hand (a picture)

         v.       6              Many Frogs (a graphic)

         v.       7              A short review of Exodus 8:1–6

         v.       7              Hemet — Egyptian Goddess of Fertility, Water, Renewal (a graphic)

         v.       9              A short review of Exodus 8:6–8

         v.      10              Application: Judgement Coming to the United States

         v.      10              God's power and the utility belt of a policeman

         v.      10              A short review of Exodus 8:9–10b

         v.      17              "I strike at the dust, which turned into a mass of lice/gnats" (a photo)

         v.      17              Nut, the sky goddess; and Geb, god of the earth (a graphic)

         v.      18              A Short Review of Exodus 8:16–17

         v.      18              Aaron strikes the ground (a graphic)

         v.      18              Geb — Egyptian God of the Earth (a graphic)

         v.      22              A short review of Exodus 8:20–21

         v.      24              The Goddess Uatchit (a graphic)

         v.      24              Fish flies descend on Windsor, Ontario (a photograph)

         v.      24              Why don't Egyptians simply flock to Goshen?

         v.      26              A brief review of Exodus 8:24–26b

         v.      29              A Review of Exodus 8:25–28

         v.      32              Free will, God, evolution and politics

         Summary            A Set of Summary Doctrines and Commentary

         Summary            Why Exodus 8 is in the Word of God

         Summary            What We Learn from Exodus 8

         Summary            Jesus Christ in Exodus 8

         Summary            Shmoop Summary of Exodus 8

         Summary            Edersheim Summarizes Exodus 8

         Addendum          Josephus’ History of this Time Period

         Addendum          The Cambridge Bible on a Possible Natural Explanation for the Plagues

         Addendum          A Complete Translation of Exodus 8

         Addendum          Doctrinal Teachers Who Have Taught Exodus 8

         Addendum          Word Cloud from a Reasonably Literal Paraphrase of Exodus 8

         Addendum          Word Cloud from Exegesis of Exodus 8

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An Introduction to Exodus 8

I ntroduction: Exodus 8 is the narrative of the next 3 plagues: (1) the plague of the frogs; (2) the plague of the gnats; and (3) the plague of the swarming insects (often called, the plague of the flies).

In the first plague, we have each of the three meetings which we would expect to have: (1) God speaks with Moses (and Aaron). God gives Moses the ultimatum to give to Pharaoh, which can be boiled down to, “Let My people go to serve Me or I will bring a plague upon you and your land.” At times, God might tell Moses where to find Pharaoh (who may not really want to talk to Moses). (2) Moses and Aaron go to Pharaoh and lay out the alternatives. Then the plague is initiated (often by Aaron, using his staff). (3) The plague is described and then Pharaoh reaches out to Moses and Aaron, often making promises that he later will not keep, in order to have the plague removed. This set of 3 meetings is the norm for most of the plagues (or judgments).

The miracles of God are always people and situationally appropriate. These plagues are designed to reach all of the people of Egypt. These are signs not only for Pharaoh and the ruling class, but they are for all the Egyptians. Furthermore, the Hebrew people would be aware of these things, experiencing some of them firsthand. Everyone in Egypt would become aware of God’s power against the Egyptian rulers, army and people.

In Egypt, at this time, every person is touched by these plagues. Everyone knows that something powerful is happening.

In bringing the people of Israel out of Egypt, there are many moving parts. All Israel must choose to follow Moses. All Egyptians must be given the chance to follow Moses. All of those associated with Pharaoh were to be given the free will to choose between Pharaoh and Moses (and Moses’ God). In the beginning, Pharaoh depended upon his magicians to help him choose against God, but his negative volition will continue, even though his magicians will prove to be powerless at some point against the judgments of God.

Timeline for Exodus 8

One of the great themes found in these chapter of plagues is the power of man’s negative volition. God truly created creatures with free will, and He has given them the power to resist Him, His power, and even reason.

What should have happened is that chapter 7 should have concluded with v. 24; between vv. 24 and 25, seven days pass; a wonderful opportunity to insert a chapter break. Seven days pass, God comes to Moses and speaks. It seems simple to know when to stop and to pick up again, but then the chapter divisions are not divinely inspired but come from the hand of man (most of the time, they are fairly well done).

These chapter divisions have been at once a blessing and a cursing. It is easy for us to refer back to particular verses and passages because the parameters for these have been set; this allows us to look up things quickly, to identify particular verses in lexicons, concordances, etc. On the negative side, we have hundreds of cults and thousands of misconceptions which have cropped up because verse are more commonly quoted out of context. Pastors and evangelists who have come from marvelous seminaries and Bible colleges hold to the party line, having had Biblical theology laid out for them as a series of verses. This means that they often do not take the time to evaluate these issues for themselves, which would give them a much better overall view of God's Word. Furthermore, there tends to be less verse by verse teaching from entire books in favor of topical teaching which either jumps from verse to verse or springs out (sometimes rather unnaturally) from a particular verse or passage.

The first 4 verses in Ex. 8 are the final 4 verses in the Hebrew of Ex. 7. No explanation as to why, apart from them logically following Ex. 7:25.

Exodus 7:25 really should have been the beginning of Exodus 8; but that is not the case in the Hebrew or English (Greek) versions of Scripture. I may move that exegesis into Ex. 8.

Exodus 7:25 Seven full days passed after the LORD had struck the Nile. (ESV)

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Plague 2: Frogs

The Warning of the Plague of Frogs

God begins to prepare Moses for the second plague.

The first was the waters being turned into blood (or to something which appeared to be blood). That continued for a period of 7 days, and it is best to include the final verse of Exodus 7 as the beginning of this chapter. Seven days after ^{[Lit. days were filled after]} the Lord had struck the Nile, He told Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and tell him, ‘This is what the Lord says: “Let My people go so they may serve ^{[Or worship]} Me. (Exodus 7:25–8:1; ISV capitalized) Do you see how the final verse of Exodus 7 just flows into the first verse of Exodus 8?

It seems to be better to include the final verse of Exodus 7 at the beginning of Exodus 8. At some point, we will do this.

Here is how others have translated this verse:

Ancient texts:                       Note: I compare the Hebrew text to English translations of the Latin, Syriac (= Aramaic) and Greek texts, using the Douay-Rheims translation; George Lamsa’s translation, and Sir Lancelot Charles Lee Brenton’s translation as revised and edited by Paul W. Esposito, respectively. I often update these texts with non-substantive changes (e.g., you for thou, etc.). I often use the text of the Complete Apostles’ Bible instead of Brenton’s translation, because it updates the English text.

The Septuagint was the earliest known translation of a book (circa 200 b.c.). Since this translation was made before the textual criticism had been developed into a science and because different books appear to be translated by different men, the Greek translation can sometimes be very uneven.

When there are serious disparities between my translation and Brenton’s (or the text of the Complete Apostles’ Bible), I look at the Greek text of the Septuagint (the LXX) to see if a substantive difference actually exists (and I reflect these changes in the English rendering of the Greek text). I use the Greek LXX with Strong’s numbers and morphology available for e-sword. The only problem with this resource (which is a problem for similar resources) is, there is no way to further explore Greek verbs which are not found in the New Testament. Although I usually quote the Complete Apostles’ Bible here, I have begun to make changes in the translation when their translation conflicts with the Greek and note what those changes are.

The Masoretic text is the Hebrew text with all of the vowels (vowel points) inserted (the original Hebrew text lacked vowels). We take the Masoretic text to be the text closest to the original. However, differences between the Masoretic text and the Greek, Latin and Syriac are worth noting and, once in a great while, represent a more accurate text possessed by those other ancient translators.

In general, the Latin text is an outstanding translation from the Hebrew text into Latin and very trustworthy (I say this as a non-Catholic). Unfortunately, I do not read Latin—apart from some very obvious words—so I am dependent upon the English translation of the Latin (principally, the Douay-Rheims translation).

The comparisons which I do are primarily between the English translations which are taken from the ancient tongues. For the most part, the variances are so minor that I rarely investigate them any further than that.

Underlined words indicate differences in the text.

Bracketed portions of the Dead Sea Scrolls are words, letters and phrases lost in the scroll due to various types of damage. Underlined words or phrases are those in the Dead Sea Scrolls but not in the Masoretic text.

I will only list the translation from the Dead Sea Scrolls if it exists and if it is different from the Masoretic text.

The Targum of Onkelos is actually the Pentateuchal Targumim, which are The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel. On the Pentateuch With The Fragments of the Jerusalem Targum From the Chaldee by J. W. Etheridge, M.A. From http://www.becomingjewish.org/texts/targum/onkelos_Exodus.html and first published in 1862.

Occasionally, there is an obvious error in the English translation, and I correct those without additional mention or footnoting. For instance, the online version of the Targum of Onkelos which I use has gorund in Ex. 4:9; I simply corrected the text. This may occur once or twice in a chapter.

I attempt to include translations which are different in their vocabulary and phrasing. On many occasions, I may include a translation which is not substantially different than another listed translation.

Ancient texts:

Masoretic Text (Hebrew)        And so says Y^ehowah unto Moses, “Go in unto Pharaoh and you have said unto him, ‘Thus has spoken Y^ehowah, Send out My people and they will serve Me. And if are refusing you to send [them] out, behold, I will strike every border of yours in the frogs. And have crept [into] [or, swarm] the River frogs and they have come up and they have come in into your house and into a room of your lying down and upon your bed and in a house of your servants and in your people and in your ovens and in your kneading bowls; and in you, and in your people and in all your servants—will come up the frogs.’ ”

Dead Sea Scrolls                   .

Targum (Onkelos)                  And seven days were fulfilled after that the Lord had struck the river; and the Lord said to Mosheh, Go in unto Pharoh and say to him, Thus saith the Lord: Send away My people, that they may serve before me. But if thou refuse to send them away, behold, I will smite all thy borders with frogs, and the river shall multiply frogs; and they shall come up and enter into thy house, and into thy chamber the place of sleep, and upon thy bed, and into the house of thy servants, and among thy people, and into thy ovens and thy kneading pans; and upon thee and upon thy people and upon all thy servants shall the frogs come up. Translation for Onkelos and Pseudo-Jonathan by J. W. Etheridge, M.A. (1862). Ex. 7:25 is included for context.

Targum (Pseudo-Jonathan)   And seven days were completed after the Lord bad smitten the river, and the Word of the Lord had afterward healed the river. And the Lord spoke to Mosheh, Go in unto Pharoh and say to him, Thus saith the Lord, Emancipate My people, that they may serve before Me. But if thou refuse to set them free, behold, I will plague all thy borders with frogs. And the river shall multiply frogs, and they shall ascend and come up into thy house, and into the bedchamber where thou sleepest, and upon thy couch; and into the house of thy servants, and among thy people, and into the ovens, and into thy baking troughs, and upon thy body, and upon the bodies' of thy people, and upon all thy servants, shall the frogs have power. Ex. 7:25 is included for context.

Jerusalem targum                  .

Revised Douay-Rheims         .

Douay-Rheims 1899 (Amer.) And the Lord said to Moses: Go in to Pharao, and thou shalt say to him: Thus saith the Lord: Let my people go to sacrifice to me.

But if thou wilt not let them go behold I will strike all thy coasts with frogs.

And the river shall bring forth an abundance of frogs: which shall come up, and enter into thy house, and thy bedchamber, and upon thy bed, and in the houses of thy servants, and to thy people, and into thy ovens, and into the remains of thy meats;

And the frogs shall come in to thee and to thy people, and to all thy servants.

Aramaic ESV of Peshitta        Mar-Yah spoke to Mosha, Go in to Pharaoh, and tell him, "This is what Mar-Yah says, 'Let my people go, that they may serve me. If you refuse to let them go, behold, I will plague all your borders with frogs: and the river shall swarm with frogs, which shall go up and come into your house, and into your bedchamber, and on your bed, and into the house of your servants, and on your people, and into your ovens, and into your kneading troughs: and the frogs shall come up both on you, and on your people, and on all your servants.'"

V. Alexander’s Aramaic T.     And the Lord said to Moses, "Go to the Pharaoh and say to him that this is what the Lord said, 'Send my people to work for me.*

"'And if you do not wish to send them, behold, I shall strike all your districts with frogs.

"'And the river shall abort its frogs and they shall crawl up and enter your house and your summer residence and your sleeping chamber and your mattresses, and your servants' houses and your lockers,

"'And the frogs shall climb upon you and upon your entire nation.'"

Peshitta (Syriac)                    THEN the LORD said to Moses. Go to Pharaoh and say to him. Thus says the LORD, Let my people go that they may serve me. And if you refuse to let them go, behold, I will smite all your borders with frogs; And the river shall swarm with frogs, which shall come up and enter into your house and into your bedchamber and into your bed and into the houses of your servants and of your people and into your inner chambers and into your kneading troughs; And the frogs shall come up both on you and on all your people.

Septuagint (Greek)                The plagues - frogs. Ex.8.1-15

And the Lord said to Moses Go in to Pharao and you shall say to him These things says the Lord: send forth my people that they may serve me. And if you will not send them forth behold I afflict all your borders with frogs: and the river shall teem with frogs and they shall go up and enter into your houses and into your bed-chambers and upon your beds and upon the houses of your servants And upon you and upon your servants and upon your people shall the frogs come up.

NETS (Greek)                        .

Significant differences: 

Limited Vocabulary Translations:

Bible in Basic English             And this is what the Lord said to Moses: Go to Pharaoh and say to him, The Lord says, Let my people go so that they may give me worship. And if you will not let them go, see, I will send frogs into every part of your land: The Nile will be full of frogs, and they will come up into your house and into your bedrooms and on your bed, and into the houses of your servants and your people, and into your ovens and into your bread-basins. The frogs will come up over you and your people and all your servants.

Easy English                          Moses and Aaron bring frogs out of the water

The Lord said to Moses: ‘Go to Pharaoh and say to him: “These are the words of the Lord. Let my people go. Let them worship me. But if you do not let them go, I will send thousands of frogs into your country.

The river will be full of frogs. The frogs will come into your house. They will jump into your bed. They will come into the houses of your servants. They will come into the houses of your people. They will jump into the hot places where you cook your food. They will jump into the dishes where you mix your flour and water.

The frogs will jump up on you. They will jump up on your people and on all your servants.” ’ A frog is a small animal with four legs that lives in water. It can also live on the land. It can jump with its long back legs.

Easy-to-Read Version–2006  Then the Lord told Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and tell him that the Lord says, ‘Let my people go to worship me! If you refuse to let my people go, then I will fill Egypt with frogs. The Nile River will be filled with frogs. They will come from the river and enter your houses. They will be in your bedrooms and in your beds. They will be in the houses of your officials and in your ovens and in your jars of water. The frogs will be all over you, your people, and your officials.’”

Good News Bible (TEV)         Frogs

Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to the king and tell him that the Lord says, ‘Let my people go, so that they can worship me. If you refuse, I will punish your country by covering it with frogs. The Nile will be so full of frogs that they will leave it and go into your palace, your bedroom, your bed, the houses of your officials and your people, and even into your ovens and baking pans. They will jump up on you, your people, and all your officials.’”

The Message                         Strike Two: Frogs

God said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and tell him, ‘God’s Message: Release my people so they can worship me. If you refuse to release them, I’m warning you, I’ll hit the whole country with frogs. The Nile will swarm with frogs—they’ll come up into your houses, into your bedrooms and into your beds, into your servants’ quarters, among the people, into your ovens and pots and pans. They’ll be all over you, all over everyone—frogs everywhere, on and in everything!’”

Names of God Bible               The Second Plague—Frogs

Then Yahweh said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh, and tell him, ‘This is what Yahweh says: Let my people go to worship me. If you refuse to let them go, I will bring a plague of frogs on your whole country. The Nile River will swarm with frogs. They will come into your palace, into your bedroom, on your bed, into the houses of your officials, on your people, into your ovens and into your mixing bowls. The frogs will jump on you, on your people, and on all your officials.’”

NIRV                                      Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh. Tell him, ‘The Lord says, “Let my people go. Then they will be able to worship me. If you refuse to let them go, I will send a plague of frogs on your whole country. The Nile River will be full of frogs. They will come up into your palace. You will have frogs in your bedroom and on your bed. They will be in the homes of your officials and your people. They will be in your ovens and in the bowls for kneading your bread. The frogs will be on you, your people and all your officials.” ’ ”

New Simplified Bible              Then Jehovah said to Moses: »Approach Pharaoh and say to him, ‘Jehovah says: »Let My people go, that they may serve me. »‘»But if you refuse to let them go, behold, I will afflict your whole territory with frogs. »‘»The Nile will swarm with frogs. They will come up and go into your house and into your bedroom and on your bed. They will go into the houses of your servants and on your people, and into your ovens and into your kneading bowls. »‘»The frogs will come up on you and your people and all your servants.«’«

Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrases:

Common English Bible           Invasion of frogs

Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and tell him: This is what the Lord says: Let my people go so that they can worship me. If you refuse to let them go, then I’ll send a plague of frogs over your whole country. The Nile will overflow with frogs. They’ll get into your palace, into your bedroom and onto your bed, into your officials’ houses, and among all your people, and even into your ovens and bread pans. The frogs will crawl up on you, your people, and all your officials.”

Contemporary English V.       Seven days after the LORD had struck the Nile, he said to Moses: Go to the palace and tell the king of Egypt that I order him to let my people go, so they can worship me. If he refuses, I will cover his entire country with frogs. Warn the king that the Nile will be full of frogs, and from there they will spread into the royal palace, including the king's bedroom and even his bed. Frogs will enter the homes of his officials and will find their way into ovens and into the bowls of bread dough. Frogs will be crawling on everyone--the king, his officials, and every citizen of Egypt. Ex. 7:25 is included for context.

The Living Bible                     Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go in again to Pharaoh and tell him, ‘Jehovah says, “Let my people go and worship me. If you refuse, I will send vast hordes of frogs across your land from one border to the other. The Nile River will swarm with them, and they will come out into your houses, even into your bedrooms and right into your beds! Every home in Egypt will be filled with them. They will fill your ovens and your kneading bowls; you and your people will be immersed in them!”’”

New Berkeley Version           .

New Century Version             .

New Life Version                    Frogs Cover the Land

Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘The Lord says this: “Let My people go, so they may worship Me. But if you will not let them go, I will bring trouble to your whole country with frogs. The Nile will be full of frogs. They will come up and go in your house and in your room and on your bed. They will come in the houses of your servants and on your people. They will come in your stoves and in your bread dough. The frogs will come up on you and your people and all your servants.”’”

New Living Translation           A Plague of Frogs

Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go back to Pharaoh and announce to him, ‘This is what the Lord says: Let my people go, so they can worship me. If you refuse to let them go, I will send a plague of frogs across your entire land. The Nile River will swarm with frogs. They will come up out of the river and into your palace, even into your bedroom and onto your bed! They will enter the houses of your officials and your people. They will even jump into your ovens and your kneading bowls. Frogs will jump on you, your people, and all your officials.’” Verses 8:1-4 are numbered 7:26-29 in Hebrew text.

Partially literal and partially paraphrased translations:

American English Bible          Then the Lord told Moses, 'Now go to Pharaoh [again] and tell him that this is what Jehovah has said: Send My people away, so they can serve Me. And if you don't send them away, {Look!} I will fill your land with frogs… the river will teem with frogs, and they'll get into your houses, into your bedrooms, and onto your beds. [They will be] in the homes of your citizens, in the homes of your servants, on your dough, and on your ovens. They will also climb on you, your servants, and your people.'

Beck’s American Translation .

International Standard V        The Plague of Frogs

Seven days after [Lit. days were filled after] the LORD had struck the Nile River [The Heb. lacks River], he told Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and tell him, ‘This is what the LORD says: “Let my people go so they may serve [Or worship] me. And if you refuse to let them go, then I’m going to strike all your territory with frogs. The Nile will swarm with frogs. They’ll come up and enter your house, your bedroom, your bed, and your servants’ houses. They’ll jump on your people, into your ovens, and into your kneading troughs. The frogs will be all over you and your servants.”’” Ex. 7:25 is included for context.

New Advent (Knox) Bible       Then the Lord bade Moses present himself before Pharao with this message from him, Give my people leave to go and offer me sacrifice; if thou dost refuse, I mean to plague thy whole country with frogs. The river shall swarm with frogs, which will come up out of it and find their way into thy palace, into thy bed-chamber, into thy bed itself; and so with all thy servants and all thy people, with thy ovens and thy larders; neither thou nor thy servants nor thy people will be able to keep the frogs out.

Today’s NIV                          .

Translation for Translators                        Moses and Aaron caused frogs to appear everywhere

One week/Seven days passed after Yahweh caused the water in the Nile River to become red like blood.

Then Yahweh said to Moses/me, “Go back to the king and tell him, ‘Yahweh says that you must let my people go, in order that they can worship me in the desert. But if you refuse to let them go, I will punish you by sending frogs to cover your country. Not only will the Nile River be full of frogs, but the frogs will come up out of the river into your house. They will come into your bedroom and onto your bed. They will be in the houses of your officials and all the rest of your people. They will even get into your ovens and your pans for mixing the materials for baking bread. The frogs will jump up on you and your officials and all the rest of your people.’ ” Ex. 7:25 is included for context.

Mostly literal renderings (with some occasional paraphrasing):

Awful Scroll Bible                   Jehovah was to say to Moses: Be go to Pharaoh, and you is to have said: Jehovah is to have said: My people you was to let loose, they were to serve me. Is you to refuse to let them loose? - I am to smite to your borders with frogs. The river is to have swarmed, a swarming with frogs. They are to have ascended and come in to your houses, rooms, beds, and couches, even the houses of your servants and people, also your ovens and kneading troughs. The frogs were to ascend on your people and servants.

Conservapedia                       And the LORD said to Moses, "Go to Pharaoh [Pharaoh = Neferhotep] and tell him: "The LORD says, 'Dismiss my people so that they may be free to worship Me.'" And if you refuse to dismiss them, I will attack you with frogs within all your boundaries [Frogs were God-substitutes in ancient Egypt; killing one was sacrilege. Now imagine them always underfoot!]. The Nile will team with frogs, and they will get into everything--into your house, into your bedroom, onto your bed, into your servants' quarters, all over your people, and into your ovens and bread-making troughs. And the frogs will go after you, your family and your servants.'"

Ferrar-Fenton Bible                Then the Ever-living said to Moses; "Go to Pharoh and say to him ; — ' Thus says the Ever-living ! Send My People away to serve Me ; but if you will not send them, then I will plague all your dominions with frogs, and the river shall swarm with frogs, and they shall crawl up, and come into your palace, and to your chamber, to your couch, and up to your bed ; and to the palaces of your ministers, and of your people, and to your daughters. In this way the frogs shall come up upon your people, and ministers.' "

God’s Truth (Tyndale)           The Lord spoke unto Moses: Go unto Pharao and tell him, thus says the Lord: let my people go, that they may serve me. If you will not let them go: behold I will smite all your land with frogs. And the river shall scrale [may mean to scurry and crawl with frogs] with frogs, and they shall come up and go into your house and into your chamber where you sleep and upon your bed, and into the houses of your servants, and upon your people, and into your ovens, and upon your victuals which you have in store. And the frogs shall come upon you and on your people and upon all your servants.

HCSB                                     .

Lexham English Bible            Plague Two: Frogs

And Yahweh said to Moses, "Go to Pharaoh, and say to him, 'Thus says Yahweh, "Release my people so that they may serve me." And if you [are] refusing to release, look, I [am going to] plague all of your territory with frogs. And the Nile will swarm with frogs, and they will go up and come into your house and into your {bedroom} and onto your bed and into the house of your servants and among your people and into your ovens and into your kneading troughs. And the frogs will go up against you and against your people and against all of your servants.'"

NIV, ©2011                             The Plague of Frogs

Seven days passed after the Lord struck the Nile. Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord says: Let my people go, so that they may worship me. If you refuse to let them go, I will send a plague of frogs on your whole country. The Nile will teem with frogs. They will come up into your palace and your bedroom and onto your bed, into the houses of your officials and on your people, and into your ovens and kneading troughs. The frogs will come up on you and your people and all your officials.’” Ex. 7:25 is included for context. In Hebrew texts 8:1-4 is numbered 7:26-29, and 8:5-32 is numbered 8:1-28.

Tree of Life Version                Then Adonai said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him: This is what Adonai says: ‘Let My people go, so they may serve Me. If you refuse to let them go, see, I will strike all your territory with frogs. The river will swarm with frogs. They will go up and enter your house, into your bedroom, upon your bed, into the houses of your servants, upon your people, into your ovens, and in your kneading bowls. The frogs will climb up on you, your people and all your servants.’” Exodus 7:26 Traditional Christian translations number Ex. 7:26-29 and Ex. 8:1-28 as Ex. 8:1-32.

Urim-Thummim Version         Then YHWH spoke to Moses, Go to Pharaoh and say to him, This is what YHWH declares, Let My people go that they may serve Me. But if you refuse to let them go I will strike all your regions with frogs. Then the river will bring forth frogs abundantly, that will go up and come into your house, and into your bedroom and on your bed, and into the house of your slaves, and on your people and into your ovens, and into your bread bowls. The frogs will come up both on you, and on your people and on all your slaves.

Wikipedia Bible Project          .

Catholic Bibles (those having the imprimatur):

Christian Community (1988)  The second plague: the frogs

Seven days passed after Yahweh had struck the Nile. Yahweh said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and tell him that Yahweh says, ‘Let my people go to worship me! If you refuse to let them leave, I will punish the country with a plague of frogs. The Nile will teem with frogs. They will invade your house, your bedroom and your bed, your servants’ and your people’s houses, your ovens and your kneading bowls. Over you and your people the frogs will climb.” This passage is Ex. 7:25–29 in the CCB.

The Heritage Bible                 And Jehovah spoke to Moses, Go to Pharaoh, and say to him, Thus says Jehovah, Send my people out, that they may serve me. And if you are unwilling to send them out, behold, I will strike all your borders with frogs, And the river shall swarm with frogs, and they shall go up and come into your house, and into your apartment, and upon your bed, and into the house of your servants, and upon your people, and into your ovens, and into your kneading-troughs; And the frogs shall ascend upon you, and upon your people, and upon all your servants.

New American Bible (2002)   Then the LORD said to Moses, "Go to Pharaoh and tell him: Thus says the LORD: Let my people go to worship me. If you refuse to let them go, I warn you, I will send a plague of frogs over all your territory. The river will teem with frogs. They will come up into your palace and into your bedroom and onto your bed, into the houses of your servants, too, and your subjects, even into your ovens and your kneading bowls. The frogs will swarm all over you and your subjects and your servants."

[⇒ 7:25-⇒ 8:28] This is ⇒ Exodus 8:1-32 in the verse enumeration of the Vulgate.

New American Bible (2011)   Second Plague: The Frogs.

Seven days passed after the LORD had struck the Nile. Then the LORD said to Moses: Go to Pharaoh and tell him [Ps 78:45; 105:30]: Thus says the LORD: Let my people go to serve me. If you refuse to let them go, then I will send a plague of frogs over all your territory. The Nile will teem with frogs. They will come up and enter into your palace and into your bedroom and onto your bed, into the houses of your servants, too, and among your people, even into your ovens and your kneading bowls. The frogs will come up over you and your people and all your servants. This passage is Ex. 7:25–29 in the NAB.

New English Bible                  The plagues - frogs.

The LORD then told Moses to go into Pharaoh's presence and say to him, 'These are the words of the LORD: "Let my people go in order to worship me. If you refuse to let them go, I will plague the whole of your territory with frogs. The Nile shall swarm with them. They shall come up from the river into your house, into your bedroom and on to your bed, into the houses of your courtiers and your people, into your ovens and your kneading-troughs. The frogs shall clamber over you, your people, and your courtiers." '

New Jerusalem Bible             After Yahweh struck the River, seven days went by. Then Yahweh said to Moses, 'Go to Pharaoh and say to him, "Yahweh says this: Let my people go and worship me. If you refuse to let them go, I shall strike your whole territory with frogs. The River will swarm with frogs; they will make their way into your palace, into your bedroom, onto your bed, into the houses of your officials and subjects, into your ovens, into your kneading bowls. The frogs will actually clamber onto you, onto your subjects and onto all your officials." ' Ex. 7:25–29 in the NJB.

Revised English Bible            The LORD then told Moses to go to Pharaoh and say, “These are the words of the LORD: Let my people go in order to worship me. If you refuse, I shall bring a plague of frogs over the whole of your territory. The Nile will swarm with them. They will come up from the river into your palace, into your bedroom and onto your bed, into the houses of your courtiers and your people, into your ovens and your kneading troughs. The frogs will clamber over you, your people, and all your courtiers.”

Jewish/Hebrew Names Bibles:

Complete Jewish Bible           Seven days after Adonai had struck the river, Adonai said to Moshe, “Go in to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘Here is what Adonai says: “Let my people go, so that they can worship me. If you refuse to let them go, I will strike all your territory with frogs. The river will swarm with frogs. They will go up, enter your palace and go into your bedroom, onto your bed. They will enter the houses of your servants and your people and go into your ovens and kneading bowls. The frogs will climb all over you, your people and your servants.”’” This is Ex. 7:25–29 in the Complete Jewish Bible.

The Complete Tanach           Seven full days passed after the Lord had smitten the Nile.

The Lord said to Moses, "Come to Pharaoh and say to him, 'So said the Lord, "Let My people go, so that they may serve Me. But if you refuse to let [them] go, behold, I will smite all your borders with frogs.

And the Nile will swarm with frogs, and they will go up and come into your house and into your bedroom and upon your bed and into the house of your servants and into your people, and into your ovens and into your kneading troughs;...

...and into you and into your people and into all your servants, the frogs will ascend." ' " This passage is Ex. 7:25–29 in the Hebrew.

exeGeses companion Bible   And seven days fulfill,

after Yah Veh smote the river:

and Yah Veh says to Mosheh,

Go to Paroh and say to him,

Thus says Yah Veh:

Send my people away, to serve me:

and if you refuse to send them away,

behold, I smite all your borders with frogs:

and the river teems with frogs

- which ascend and come into your house

and into your bedchamber and on your bed

and into the house of your servants

and on your people and into your ovens

and into your doughboards

- and the frogs ascend

both on you

and on your people and on all your servants.

Israeli Authorized Version      .

JPS (Tanakh—1985)               When seven days had passed after the Lord struck the Nile, the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘Thus says the Lord: Let My people go that they may worship Me. If you refuse to let them go, then I will plague your whole country with frogs. The Nile shall swarm with frogs, and they shall come up and enter your palace, your bedchamber and your bed, the houses of your courtiers and your people, and your ovens and your kneading bowls. The frogs shall come up on you and on your people and on all your courtiers.’ ” Ex. 7:25–29 in the Hebrew.

Judaica Press Complete T.    .

Kaplan Translation                 Frogs: The Second Plague

God said to Moses, 'Go to Pharaoh and say to him in My name [Literally, 'This is what God says: .....' See note on Genesis 20:13.], 'Let My people leave so they can serve Me. If you refuse to let them leave, I will strike all your territories with frogs. The Nile will swarm with frogs, and when they emerge, they will be in your palace, in your bedroom, and [even] in your bed. [They will also be in] the homes of your officials and people, even in your ovens and kneading bowls. When the frogs emerge, they will be all over you, your people, and your officials.' This is Ex. 7:26–29 in the Hebrew. The Kaplan Translation, particularly in Exodus through Deuteronomy, takes note of historic rabbinic opinions.

Orthodox Jewish Bible           And Hashem spoke unto Moshe, Go unto Pharaoh, and say unto him, Thus saith Hashem, Let My people go, that they may serve Me.

And if thou refuse to let them go, hinei, I will strike all thy borders with tzefardaya:

And the river shall bring forth tzefardaya abundantly, which shall go up and come into thine bais, and into thy cheder mishkav, and upon thy bed, and into the bais of thy avadim, and upon thy people, and into thine ovens, and into thy kneading bowls:

And the tzefardaya shall come up both on thee, and upon thy people, and upon all thy avadim.

The Scriptures 1998              And יהוה spoke to Mosheh, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘Thus said יהוה, “Let My people go, so that they serve Me. “But if you refuse to let them go, see, I am smiting all your border with frogs. “And the river shall swarm with frogs, which shall go up and shall come into your house, and into your bedroom, and on your bed, and into the houses of your servants, and on your people, and into your ovens, and into your kneading bowls, and the frogs shall come up on you and on your people and on all your servants.” ’ ”

Expanded/Embellished Bibles:

The Amplified Bible                Frogs over the Land

Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘Thus says the Lord, “Let My people go, so that they may serve Me. However, if you refuse to let them go, hear this: I am going to strike your entire land with frogs. The Nile will swarm with frogs, which will come up and go into your home, into your bedroom and on to your bed, and into the houses of your servants and on your people, and into your ovens and your kneading bowls. So the frogs will come up on you and on your people and all your servants.”’”

The Expanded Bible              Then the Lord told Moses, “Go to the king of Egypt and tell him, ‘This is what the Lord says: Let my people go to ·worship [serve] me. If you refuse, I will ·punish [plague] ·Egypt [^Lyour boundaries] with frogs. The Nile River will ·be filled [swarm] with frogs. They will come up into your palace, into your bedroom, on your bed, into the houses of your officers, and onto your people. They will come into your ovens and into your baking pans. The frogs will ·jump all over [^Lcome up on] you, your people, and your officers.’”

The Geneva Bible                  .

Kretzmann’s Commentary    Verses 1-15

The Plague of the Frogs

And the Lord spake unto Moses, Go unto Pharaoh, and say unto him, Thus saith the Lord, Let My people go that they may serve Me. This command became a formula in the course of the plagues and was intended to impress Pharaoh by its very repetition. And if thou refuse to let them go, behold, I will smite all thy borders, the entire country to the extremest boundaries, with frogs; and the river, otherwise the source of fertility and blessing, shall bring forth frogs abundantly, it would swarm with frogs, which shall go up and come into thine house, and into thy bedchamber, and upon thy bed, and into the house of thy servants, and upon thy people, and into thine ovens, and into thy kneading-troughs; and the frogs shall come up both on thee, and upon thy people, and upon all thy servants. As the frogs came up out of the water and the mire of the Nile, there was not a spot in Egypt safe from their clammy presence, not even the inner bedrooms of the houses, not even the large wooden vessels in which the Egyptian women kneaded the bread-dough, not even the very persons of the Egyptians: the frogs would persist in creeping everywhere.

NET Bible®                             The Second Blow: Frogs

^7:25 Seven full days passed [The text literally has “and seven days were filled.” Seven days gave Pharaoh enough time to repent and release Israel. When the week passed, God’s second blow came.] after the Lord struck [This is a temporal clause made up of the preposition, the Hiphil infinitive construct of נָכָה (nakhah), הַכּוֹת (hakkot), followed by the subjective genitive YHWH. Here the verb is applied to the true meaning of the plague: Moses struck the water, but the plague was a blow struck by God.] the Nile. ^{8:1 (7:26)} [Beginning with 8:1, the verse numbers through 8:32 in English Bibles differ from the verse numbers in the Hebrew text (BHS), with 8:1 ET = 7:26 HT, 8:2 ET = 7:27 HT, 8:3 ET = 7:28 HT, 8:4 ET = 7:29 HT, 8:5 ET = 8:1 HT, etc., through 8:32 ET = 8:28 HT. Thus in English Bibles chapter 8 has 32 verses, while in the Hebrew Bible it has 28 verses, with the four extra verses attached to chapter 7.] Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and tell him, ‘Thus says the Lord: “Release my people in order that they may serve me! ^8:2 But if you refuse to release them, then I am going to plague all your territory with frogs. ^8:3 The Nile will swarm with frogs, and they will come up and go into your house, in your bedroom, and on your bed, and into the houses of your servants and your people, and into your ovens and your kneading troughs. ^8:4 Frogs will come up against you, your people, and all your servants.”’” When it comes to making an actual material change to the text, the NET Bible® is pretty good about indicating this. Since most of these corrections will be clear in the more literal translations below and within the Hebrew exegesis itself, I will not continue to list every NET Bible® footnote. Language footnotes will be placed in the Hebrew exegesis. Some footnotes will quoted elsewhere in this document.

Syndein/Thieme                     And Jehovah/God spoke unto Moses,

"Go unto Pharaoh, and say unto him,

'Thus said Jehovah/God,

"Let My people go, that they may serve Me.

And if you refuse to let them go,

behold, I will smite all your borders with frogs.

And the river shall bring forth frogs abundantly,

which shall go up and come into your house,

and into your bedchamber,

and upon your bed,

and into the house of your servants,

and upon your people,

and into your ovens,

and into your kneading-troughs.

And the frogs shall come up both on you,

and upon your people,

and upon all your servants."

The Voice                               Eternal One (to Moses): Go visit Pharaoh and give him My message: “The Eternal says to you, ‘Release My people, so that they may serve Me. If you do not release them, I will send an infestation of frogs across your entire land. The Nile will swarm with frogs. They will hop up from the river to assault your palace, make their way into your bedroom, and even crawl into your bed. The frogs will crowd into the houses of your servants and eventually of all your people. They will find their way into your ovens and kneading bowls. Mark My words, these frogs will be all over you, your people, and all your servants.’”

Literal, almost word-for-word, renderings:

Brenner’s Mechanical Trans....and "YHWH ^{He Is}" said to "Mosheh ^{Plucked out}", come to "Paroh ^{Great house}" and you will say to him in this way, "YHWH ^{He Is}" said, send my people and they will serve me, and if you are refusing to send them, look, I am smiting all your borders (with) the frogs, and the stream will swarm with frogs, and they will go up, and they will come in your house, and in the chamber of your laying place, and upon your bed, and in the house of your servants, and in your people, and in your ovens, and in your kneading bowls, and in you, and in your people, and in all your servants the frogs will go up,...

C. Thompson LXX (updated) And when seven days were fulfilled after the Lord had smitten the river, the Lord said to Moses, Go to Pharao and say to him, Thus says the Lord, Send away my people that they may serve me. But if you will not let them go, behold I will strike all your borders with frogs and the river will swarm with frogs. And they will go up and come into your houses and into your bed chambers, even upon your beds; and into the houses of your servants and your people and into your kneading troughs and your ovens. Both against you and against your attendants and your people will the frogs come up. Ex. 7:25 is included for context.

Concordant Literal Version    When seven days were fulfilled after Yahweh's smiting the waterway, then Yahweh said to Moses: Enter to Pharaoh, and say to him, Thus says Yahweh : Dismiss My people that they may serve Me!" And if you refuse to dismiss them, behold, I will be striking all your boundary with frogs. The waterway will swarm with frogs, and they will ascend and enter into your house and your bed chamber and onto your couch, into the house of your servants and on your people, into your stoves and into your kneading-troughs. On you and on your people and on all your servants shall the frogs ascend. Ex. 7:25 is included for context.

Modern English Version         The Second Plague: Frogs

Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘Thus says the Lord: Let My people go, so that they may serve Me. But if you refuse to let them go, then I will plague all your borders with frogs. And the river will swarm with frogs, which shall go up and come into your house, and into your bedchamber, and on your bed, and into the houses of your servants, and on your people, and into your ovens, and into your kneading troughs. So the frogs shall come upon you, upon your people, and upon all your servants.’ ”

NASB                                     Frogs over the Land

Then [Ch 7:26 in Heb] the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘Thus says the Lord, “Let My people go, that they may serve Me. But if you refuse to let them go, behold, I will smite your whole territory with frogs. The Nile will swarm with frogs, which will come up and go into your house and into your bedroom and on your bed, and into the houses of your servants and on your people, and into your ovens and into your kneading bowls. So the frogs will come up on you and your people and all your servants.”’”

Third Millennium Bible            And the LORD spoke unto Moses, "Go unto Pharaoh and say unto him, `Thus saith the LORD: Let My people go, that they may serve Me. And if thou refuse to let them go, behold, I will smite all thy borders with frogs. And the river shall bring forth frogs abundantly, which shall go up and come into thine house, and into thy bedchamber and upon thy bed, and into the house of thy servants and upon thy people, and into thine ovens and into thy kneading troughs. And the frogs shall come up both on thee and upon thy people and upon all thy servants.'"

Young’s Updated LT             And Jehovah says unto Moses, “Go in unto Pharaoh: and you have said unto him, Thus said Jehovah, Send My people away, and they serve Me; and if you are refusing to send away, lo, I am smiting all your border with frogs; and the River has teemed with frogs, and they have gone up and gone into your house, and into the inner-chamber of your bed, and on your couch, and into the house of your servants, and among your people, and into your ovens, and into your kneading-troughs; yea, on you, and on your people, and on all your servants do the frogs go up.”

The gist of this passage: 

vv. 1-4