Luke Introduction

written and compiled by Gary Kukis

Luke 31:1–24

 

This document is far from being complete; however, there are about 4 or 5 complete sections which are important to read and study.


These studies are designed for believers in Jesus Christ only. If you have exercised faith in Christ, then you are in the right place. If you have not, then you need to heed the words of our Lord, Who said, “For God so loved the world that He gave His only-begotten [or, uniquely-born] Son, so that every [one] believing [or, trusting] in Him shall not perish, but shall be have eternal life! For God did not send His Son into the world so that He should judge the world, but so that the world shall be saved through Him. The one believing [or, trusting] in Him is not judged, but the one not believing has already been judged, because he has not believed in the Name of the only-begotten [or, uniquely-born] Son of God.” (John 3:16–18). “I am the Way and the Truth and the Life! No one comes to the Father except through [or, by means of] Me!” (John 14:6).


Every study of the Word of God ought to be preceded by a naming of your sins to God. This restores you to fellowship with God (1John 1:8–10).


Document Navigation

Preface and Quotations

Outline of Chapter

Charts, Graphics, Short Doctrines

Doctrines Alluded to

Dictionary of Terms

Introduction and Text

Chapter Summary

Addendum

A Complete Translation

Verse Navigation

Luke 31:1

Luke

Luke

Luke

Luke

Luke

Luke

Luke

Luke

Luke

Luke

Luke

Luke

Luke

Luke

Luke

Luke

Luke

Luke

Luke

 

 

 

 

 

These exegetical studies are not designed for you to read each and every word. For instance, the Hebrew exegesis is put into greyish tables, so that if you want to skip over them, that is fine. If you question a translation, you can always refer back to the appropriate Hebrew tables to sort it all out. The intent is to make this particular study the most complete and most accurate examination of Luke 31 which is available in writing. The idea is to make every phrase, verse and passage understandable and to make correct application of all that is studied.

 

Besides teaching you the doctrinal principles related to this chapter, this commentary is also to help bring this narrative to life, so that you can understand the various characters, their motivations, and the choices that they make. Ideally, you will be able to visualize the peoples, their temporal and spiritual leaders, and their armies as they move across the landscape of the Land of Promise. I hope to provide not only an accurate exegesis of the chapter in view, but to also quote many of the great insights that past commentators have offered us.

 

Although much of this chapter is based upon narrative from the book of Kings, I will make every attempt possible to provide enough historical information and theological context so that you will have a sufficient background to understand what is going on.


Preface: Right at this moment, this introduction is a hopeless mishmash of material. At some point in time, I will organized it. However, there are several very important sections, which I will note right up-front in the preface:


Dividing Up the Book of Luke is fundamental to the organization of the book of Luke. It is possible that this is a unique explanation. I will, at some point, be reviewing the works done by other doctrinal teachers, and perhaps sheepishly remove this claim if I find that they have come to the same conclusions.


The Basic Outline of the Book of Luke The book of Luke is divided into three sections, and once you get this, the organization of the book of Luke makes perfect sense.


Many times, as I am working on the book of Luke, I refer to this chart, Chapter by Chapter Descriptions for the Book of Luke, in order to get an overall view.


Finally, see Ken Palmer’s excellent work, Harmony of the Gospel Chart from Life of Christ. Sometimes it is very helpful to see all of this from a well-summarized point of view.


You may or may not find what I have cobbled together here to be organized enough to read it all. However, those four sections are key to the book of Luke.


This should be the most extensive examination of Luke 31 available, where you will be able to examine in depth every word of the original text.


Quotations:

 

 


Outline of Chapter 31:

 

Preface

Introduction

 

         vv.     1–

vv.

         vv. 

         vv. 

         vv. 

 

Chapter Summary

Addendum


Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines:

 

         Preface               Quotations

 

         Introduction         Titles and/or Brief Descriptions of Luke 31 (by Various Commentators)

         Introduction         Brief, but insightful observations of Luke 31 (various commentators)

         Introduction         Fundamental Questions About Luke 31

         Introduction 

         Introduction         The Prequel of Luke 31

         Introduction         The Principals of Luke 31

         Introduction         The Places of Luke 31

         Introduction         By the Numbers

         Introduction         A Synopsis of Luke 31

         Introduction         Outlines and Summaries of Luke 31 (Various Commentators)

         Introduction         929 Chapters Outline of Luke 31

         Introduction         A Synopsis of Luke 31 from the Summarized Bible

         Introduction 

         Introduction 

         Introduction         The Big Picture (Luke –)

         Introduction         Paragraph Divisions of Modern Translation for Luke 31

         Introduction 

         Introduction 

         Introduction         Changes—additions and subtractions

 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         Charts                 The Four Gospels (a chart)

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

         v. 

 

         Summary            A Set of Summary Doctrines and Commentary

         Summary            Why Luke 31 is in the Word of God

         Summary            What We Learn from Luke 31

         Summary            Jesus Christ in Luke 31

         Summary 

Summary

Summary

 

         Addendum          A Complete Translation of Luke 31

         Addendum          Word Cloud from a Reasonably Literal Paraphrase of Luke 31

         Addendum          Word Cloud from Exegesis of Luke 31


Chapter Outline

 

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines

Beginning of Document

Verse Navigation

Introduction and Text

First Verse

Chapter Summary

Addendum

www.kukis.org

 

Exegetical Studies in Luke

Doctrines Covered or Alluded To

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapters of the Bible Alluded To or Appropriately Exegeted with this Chapter

 

 

 

 

Many who read and study this chapter are 1st or 2nd generation students of R. B. Thieme, Jr., so that much of this vocabulary is second nature. One of Bob’s contributions to theology is a fresh vocabulary along with a number of concepts which are theologically new or reworked, yet still orthodox. Therefore, if you are unfamiliar with his work, the definitions below will help you to fully understand all that is being said. Also included are various technical terms from Christian theology along with a few new terms and concepts which I have developed.

Sometimes the terms in the exegesis of this chapter are simply alluded to, without any in-depth explanation of them. Sometimes, these terms are explained in detail and illustrated. A collection of all these terms is found here: (HTML) (PDF) (WPD). Often, the terms below are linked to complete doctrines.

Definition of Terms

Rebound (Restoration to fellowship with God)

In the New Testament, this is naming your sins to God, so that you are both restored to temporal fellowship with God and are then filled with the Spirit of God. In the Old Testament, naming your sins to God would result in a restoration of fellowship and, in some cases, the empowerment of the Holy Spirit once again (the Holy Spirit was not given to all Old Testament believers). The Doctrine of Rebound (HTML) (PDF).

Some of these definitions are taken from

https://www.gotquestions.org/

http://rickhughesministries.org/content/Biblical-Terms.pdf

http://www.gbible.org/index.php?proc=d4d

http://www.wordoftruthministries.org/terms-and-definitions/

http://www.theopedia.com/

Chapter Outline

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines

——————————


An Introduction to Luke 31


I ntroduction: Luke 31




A title or one or two sentences which describe Luke 31.

Titles and/or Brief Descriptions of Luke 31 (by Various Commentators)

 

 

 

 

Chapter Outline

Charts, Maps and Short Doctrines


Sometimes, a commentator will begin with a good observation of this chapter of the Bible.

Brief, but insightful observations of Luke 31 (various commentators)

 

 

 

 

Chapter Outline

Charts, Maps and Short Doctrines


As I study a chapter, questions will occur to me—some of them important and many of them minor. Not all of these questions will be satisfactorily answered.

Fundamental Questions About Luke 31

 

 

Chapter Outline

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines



It is important to understand what has gone before.

The Prequel of Luke 31

 

 

Chapter Outline

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines


We need to know who the people are who populate this chapter.

The Principals of Luke 31

Characters

Biographical Material

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter Outline

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines

We need to know where this chapter takes place. I may need to eliminate this one.

The Places of Luke 31

Place

Description

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter Outline

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines

 

By the Numbers

Item

Date; duration; size; number

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter Outline

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines

Dividing Up the Book of Luke


Having gone through the first draft of book of Luke, and then going back and reworking some of those chapters, it became clear to me Luke has somewhat of an unusual organization, which is confirmed by a Harmony of the Gospel chart.


What I will write here is possibly unique and it pulls together a variety of elements which will, in the end, help to give us a well-defined look at the person of Luke and how he put his gospel together. As I move in that direction, I may make a few statements or assertions that you question at first, but all of this is going to be tied together neatly once the moving parts have all been identified.


The first third of Luke is a chronological telling of the story of Jesus from birth to His final determination to go to Jerusalem and to face crucifixion there. The final third of Luke picks up that same narrative, and continues to the Lord’s last two weeks, His crucifixion, resurrection, ascension and session. In the middle of these two sections is a large number of incidents, teachings and parables (with an emphasis upon the latter two). This middle section seems to completely untethered by time (apart from these things taking place during the Lord’s 3 or 4 year earthly ministry).


Quite frankly, I don’t now if I discovered something new or if this is how the book of Luke is typically taught. I have looked at a few presentations and summaries of Luke, but not carefully enough yet to see how others see his biography of Jesus.


This approach makes perfect sense. Luke is probably the third gospel written, meaning that Luke may have had access to the previous two gospels, Matthew and Mark. I would think that he did have copies of these books and that he used them.


Now, consider the other three gospels, Matthew, Mark and John. Both Matthew and John were eyewitnesses and Mark depended upon Peter to write his gospel, Peter being an eyewitness to all of it. For this reason, Matthew and Mark appear to be written in chronological order; but the book of John, written around a.d. 90 (60 years after the events took place) is going to have quite a different set of memories. Furthermore, John has probably read the previous three gospels, so why would he produce a gospel which is anything like the first three? What addition would that have made to the world? As a result, what John writes is quite unique, as if he said to himself, what do I need to write that the other gospel writers left out?


However, I am not talking about John right now, but Luke. How did Luke get his material for the gospel of Luke, since he never saw Jesus at any time? Given the book of Acts, it is clear that Luke came on board maybe 10 years after the resurrection, ascension and session of our Lord. Jesus never appeared to Luke; and Luke has absolutely no firsthand experience with this biography that he has written.


Luke interviewed perhaps a half-dozen, perhaps a dozen or two dozen eyewitnesses, which persons including Mary, the mother of the humanity of Jesus; the woman who washed the Lord’s feet with her tears in the home of the pharisee (possibly this is Mary Magdalene); and possibly other followers of Jesus, including some of the Apostles themselves (when Luke traveled with Paul, he would have had special access to such persons).


When you are not the eyewitness of any of the events that you are writing about; and you have interviewed, say, a dozen or so eyewitnesses, how exactly are these events arranged in a chronological order? Two ways: (1) Luke pays careful attention to the chronology of the stories as he hears them; and (2) Luke compares them to a standard, to an established chronological approach—and he would have had that in the first two gospels.


Now, imagine the many believers that Luke met and his discussions with them. Certainly there would be events which they describe that are easy to place in chronological order. But what of that person who says, “Listen, I remember this parable that the Lord spoke—I mean, I remember it to this very day—but I don’t remember when exactly He said it.” How many people said something like this to Luke? Given the amount of teaching that Jesus did, I would expect almost every witness to have a few memories like this.


Logically, the biography of Jesus should be put into a chronological order, and Luke certainly attempts to do that. And it would make sense for the beginning of the book and the end of the book to be tied together chronologically. That is simply how you would write a biography. But what of all these great sermons and stories that the author Luke hears, but he is not sure where to place them on this timeline? Should he just toss them? Obviously, he should not just toss out material which he believes to be significant, even if he cannot readily put it where it belongs on a timeline.


So, Luke begins and ends chronologically and he gathers all the miscellaneous material and just places it in the middle of the book.


Had we been given all the different events of the book of Luke on various slips of paper, we could arrange most of them in a chronological order simply by looking at the books of Mark and Matthew and matching them up to the parallel passage in either or both of those books. Then there would be stuff left over, and that stuff is principally recorded in Luke 10–18 (unfortunately, the book of Luke is not divided up properly to reflect this un-chronologically placed material).


Now, if you look at the Harmony of the Gospels chart (by Ken Palmer), what do you notice? Luke’s first 9 chapters are pretty much in synch with Matthew and Mark. Around Luke 18, his gospel again synchs up with Matthew and Mark. What about the writings of Luke between chapters 10 and 18? Almost all of this material is unique to Luke; and almost all of that material centers on the Lord’s teachings (which includes a plethora of parables). You and I might try to place this material back into the chronology of Luke 1–9, but I suspect that our final results might be quite different.


Luke has the same problem. He cannot just throw this material out because he cannot place it chronologically with the first third of his book; so he just places it all together, without any regards to time or order. Unfortunately, the chapters do not quite coincide with this approach to the book of Luke. Luke 10–17 are certainly in this collection of miscellaneous sermons and incidents, but there is also some overlap. The final few verses of Luke 9 belong in this grouping, and a portion of Luke 18 belongs in this grouping.


I came across this article when searching for a map.

The Geopolitical World of First-century Palestine (by Justin Taylor/R. T. France)

Modern readers of the NT often know little about the geopolitical world of first-century Palestine. It is commonly assumed that “the Jews” were an undifferentiated community living amicably in the part of the world we now call “the Holy Land” united in their resentment of the political imposition of Roman rule to which all were equally subject.


But, he says, “this is a gross distortion of the historical and cultural reality.”


The northern province of Galilee was decisively distinct—in history, political status, and culture—from the southern province of Judea which contained the holy city of Jerusalem.


Admitting that the following is a drastic oversimplification but hoping that it’s not a complete caricature, Professor France summarizes seven differences:

 

1.      Racially the area of the former Northern Kingdom of Israel had had, ever since the Assyrian conquest in the eighth century B.C., a more mixed population, within which more conservative Jewish areas (like Nazareth and Capernaum) stood in close proximity to largely pagan cities, of which in the first century the new Hellenistic centers of Tiberias and Sepphoris were the chief examples

2.      Geographically Galilee was separated from Judea by the non-Jewish territory of Samaria, and from Perea in the southeast by the Hellenistic settlements of Decapolis

3.      Politically Galilee had been under separate administration from Judea during almost all its history since the tenth century B.C. (apart from a period of “reunification” under the Maccabees), and in the time of Jesus it was under a (supposedly) native Herodian prince, while Judea and Samaria had since A.D. 6 been under the direct rule of a Roman prefect

4.      Economically Galilee offered better agricultural and fishing resources than the more mountainous territory of Judea, making the wealth of some Galileans the envy of their southern neighbors

5.      Culturally Judeans despised their northern neighbors as country cousins, their lack of Jewish sophistication being compounded by their greater openness to Hellenistic influence

6.      Linguistically Galileans spoke a distinctive form of Aramaic whose slovenly consonants (they dropped their aitches!) were the butt of Judean humor

7.      Religiously the Judean opinion was that Galileans were lax in their observance of proper ritual, and the problem was exacerbated by the distance of Galilee from the temple and the theological leadership, which was focused in Jerusalem.


The result, he says, is that

 

even an impeccably Jewish Galilean in first-century Jerusalem was not among his own people; he was as much a foreigner as an Irishman in London or a Texan in New York. His accent would immediately mark him out as “not one of us,” and all the communal prejudice of the supposedly superior culture of the capital city would stand against his claim to be heard even as a prophet, let alone as the “Messiah,” a title which, as everyone knew, belonged to Judea (cf. John 7:40-42).


This may at first blush sound like interesting background material that is not especially helpful for reading and interpreting the gospels. But Mark and Matthew have structured their narratives around a geographical framework dividing the north and the south, culminating in the confrontation of this prophet from Galilee and the religious establishment of Jerusalem.

 

Professor France writes: “To read Matthew in blissful ignorance of first-century Palestinian sociopolitics is to miss his point. This is the story of Jesus of Nazareth.”

From The Gospel Coalition; accessed September 28, 2023.

Chapter Outline

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines


Given the discussion above, this is what the summary of the book of Luke looks like:

The Basic Outline of the Book of Luke

Luke 1:1–9:56               The Chronology of Jesus, from Birth to His Ascent into Jerusalem

Luke 9:57–18:30           The Teachings of Jesus

Luke 18:31–24:53         The Chronology of Jesus, from the Week of the Passover, to His Crucifixion, Resurrection, Post-Resurrection Ministry and Ascension

You may want to quibble with a verse or two, and say this second section begins at v. 59 or at Luke 10:1.

It is interesting that I don’t really find many clues to this change of pace right at the crucial points (where we go from chronological text to non-chronological text). However, when examining this information from the picture viewpoint, It all makes perfect sense to divide things up as I did. Only by comparing Luke to Matthew is it clear that Luke has changed his approach for the next 8½ chapters.

Chapter Outline

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines


Now, if you are reading this in the correct order, and perhaps you have little experience with the book of Luke, this discussion may seem very theoretical or perhaps hard to relate to, simply because you don’t have a thorough knowledge of the book of Luke yet. That is okay. Much of this discussion will be renewed in Luke 9 and 10, and then again in Luke 18 (this will be discussed again at the passages where this changeover takes place).


At this point, we begin to gather up more details on this chapter.

A Synopsis of Luke 31

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter Outline

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines


 

Outlines and Summaries of Luke 31 (Various Commentators)

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter Outline

Charts, Maps and Short Doctrines


 

929 Chapters Outline of Luke 31

 

From 929chapters.com accessed April 14, 2018.

Chapter Outline

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines


 

A Synopsis of Luke 31 from the Summarized Bible

 

Keith L. Brooks, Summarized Bible; Complete Summary of the Bible; ©1919; from e-Sword, Luke 31.

Chapter Outline

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines


It is helpful to see what came before and what follows in a brief summary.

The Big Picture (Luke 1–24)

Scripture

Text/Commentary

Luke

 

Luke

 

Luke

 

Luke

 

Luke

 

 

Chapter Outline

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines

The first chapter heading sometimes does double duty, giving an overall view of the chapter and/or telling what the first section is about. Sometimes, it strict speaks of the first section.

Paragraph Divisions of Modern Translations for Luke 31

NASB

NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB (FOLLOWS MT)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

From www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke%205&version=NASB;NKJV;NRSV;CEB;CEV; concept inspired by Dr. Bob Utley.

Chapter Outline

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines

Changes—additions and subtractions:

 

This is the first time I am doing a New Testament book, so there are additional translations which I tried to put into reasonable categories—but I may change my mind about that later; and I may even remove some of them.

 

I have taken up the format and structure of Ecclesiastes model, which I am hoping is appropriate.

 

I drew from hundreds of sources for this chapter. I literally stand on the shoulders of thousands of men in order to put this document together.


——————————


Chapter Outline

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines

I have decided to place this chart in the Introduction, so that it is near the beginning of the book and easy to find. You can refer back to this chart to see where we have been, to gain context, and to see where we are going.

Luke’s biography of Jesus is jam-packed with incidents, information and teaching.

Chapter by Chapter Descriptions for the Book of Luke

Chapter

Brief Description

1

An angel appears to Zacharias, an older Levite, to tells him that he and his wife will have a son in their old age. This angel also appears to Mary to tell her that she will give birth as a virgin. Mary visits Elizabeth (wife of Zacharias). Elizabeth gives birth to John, who will become John the Herald (or John the baptizer).

2

A pregnant Mary and Joseph go to pay their taxes in Bethlehem, which is near Jerusalem. Mary gives birth to Jesus while staying in some stables. An angel speaks to shepherds, who come to worship the baby Jesus. Simeon and Anna give witness to the Lord at the Temple. Joseph and Mary return home. At the end of the chapter, Jesus, at age 12, gets left behind in Jerusalem, while He is speaking with the scholars at the Temple.

3a

The ministry of John the baptizer.

3b

The genealogy of Mary.

4a

Satan tempts Jesus.

4b

Jesus early ministry in Galilee, His rejection in Nazareth, and His ministry in Capernaum, where He both heals and casts out demons. He continues His ministry throughout Galilee.

5

Jesus calls 3 disciples (Peter, James and John); and later calls Levi (Matthew). Still in the Galilee region, Jesus cleanses a leper, then forgives and heals a paralytic. There is great consternation about Him forgiving the paralytic man. When Levi throws a banquet for Jesus, He is questioned about His disciples eating and drinking while John the herald’s disciples would fast.

6a

The pharisees begin to notice Jesus, and question Him and try to trap Him with questions.

6b

Jesus’ disciples are all named.

6c

Jesus both heals and teaches a great multitude of people from Judæa, Jerusalem, Tyre and Sidon. Jesus delivers the sermon on the plain (very similar to the Sermon on the Mount).

7a

Jesus heals a servant of a centurion without being there. He raises a widow’s son from the dead.

7b

Messengers from John the baptizer are sent to Jesus to ask if He is really the Messiah.

7c

The parable of the debtor; Jesus forgives the sins of a woman.

8

Jesus teaches and heals in various cities and villages. Parables: the sower, the revealed light. Jesus’ mother and brothers come to see Him, but cannot get close to Him. Miracles: calming the waves of the sea, casting out a legion of demons, a daughter of Jairus raised from the dead; a woman touches Jesus; garment and is healed.

9a

Jesus sends out His 12 disciples to heal and to cast out demons.

9b

Herod the tetrarch seeks to speak with Jesus; Jesus feeds the 5000.

9c

Peter confesses Jesus as the Son of God; the Mount of Transfiguration with Peter, John and James.

9d

Jesus teaches His disciples regarding His future, who is the greatest among the disciples, someone else casting out demons in Jesus’ name, and the cost of discipleship. The Samaritans are unwilling to have Jesus in their village.

10a

The 70 are sent out and they return. Jesus pronounces woes upon Chorazin, Bethsaida, Tyre, Sidon and Capernaum.

Much of what follows (mid chapter 10 to mid chapter 18) focuses on the teaching of Jesus.

10b

In this chapter we have the greatest commandment, the parable of the good Samaritan, and Mary and Martha.

11a

Jesus teaches how to pray, He teaches several parables and examples (the friend who comes at midnight, keep on knocking, the son who asks his father for a fish, the strong man, the unclean spirit that returns).

11b

The woman who interrupts Jesus’ teaching; the generation which seeks a sign; two parables about light; and pronouncing woes on the religious leaders.

Interestingly enough, much of Luke 12–18 is exclusive to the book of Luke.

12a

Jesus teaches about fearing God, confessing Him before man, the Holy Spirit and blaspheming against the Holy Spirit and depending upon the guidance of the Holy Spirit when persecuted.

12b

Parables: the rich fool and the faithful and unfaithful servants. Teaching: take care of the little things, God will take care of us, do not depend on the earth’s treasures, Jesus brings division on earth, recognizing the signs of the time, settling out debts, and make things right, even with out adversaries.

13

Parables: the barren fig tree, the mustard seed, the Kingdom of God, leaven and the Kingdom of God. Teachings: necessity for repentance, entering in by the narrow gate and lamenting over Jerusalem. Controversy: Jesus working on the Sabbath after He heals a woman of having an unclean spirit.

14

Parables: making a dinner and then calling the lame, the blind and the poor to attend; the great supper; and salt which has lost its savor. Teaching: sitting at the less-conspicuous place, leaving all to follow Christ; and considering the cost before doing something. Also, pharisees warn Jesus about Herod the Fox.

15

Parables: the lost sheep, the lost coin and the prodigal son

16

Jesus teaches the parable of the dishonest servant. He also teaches the law, the prophets and the kingdom; marriage and divorce; and the rich man and Lazarus.

17

Jesus teaches about offenses, a millstone, a brother who trespasses against you; He offers some practical applications and then teaches about the coming of the Kingdom; and the baptism of fire. He also heals 10 lepers in this chapter.

18a

Jesus teaches about the persistent widow and the unjust judge and the prayers of the Pharisee and the tax collector. He allows the little children to come to Him and He speaks frankly to the rich young ruler about salvation.

At this point, narrative becomes more prominent in the book of Luke.

18b

Jesus tells His disciples of His coming death and resurrection; and a blind man receives his sight.

19a

Jesus comes to the home of Zacchaeus. He teaches the parable of the investments (talents).

19b

Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem; Jesus weeps over Jerusalem; Jesus cleanses the Temple; the scribes and chief priests conspire against the Lord

20

Jesus teaches in the Temple and His authority is questioned (and then He teaches the parable of the wicked tenant farmers). Jesus is questioned by the Pharisees, asking if it is lawful to pay taxes the Cæsar. The Sadducees ask about the resurrection. Jesus asks why David would call his son Lord. Jesus warns about the scribes.

21

The widow's gift of two mites makes her stand in stark contrast to the religious crowd. Jesus predicts that the Temple will be destroyed. Jesus teaches about the signs of the end times. Jesus teaches about the destruction of Jerusalem. The Son of Man will return in judgment. Jesus teaches about watching the fig tree and recognizing changes that take place in the tree.

22a

Most of this chapter is about the Last Passover: Judas betrays Jesus. Jesus and His disciples prepare for the Passover meal. The Passover meal and the institution of the Eucharist. During the Passover meal, the disciples argue about their relative greatness. Later that night, Jesus predicts Peter's denials. Jesus prays in the Garden of Gethsemane. Jesus is betrayed and arrested in the Garden of Gethsemane. Peter denies Jesus and weeps bitterly.

22b

Jesus is arrested, then mocked and beaten, and is subjected to several illegal trials.

23a

Jesus begins to be tried by Pilate, then He is sent to Herod, and Herod sends Jesus back to Pilate. Although Pilate proclaims Jesus’ innocence and tries to free Him, the Jewish people there demand His crucifixion. Jesus is sentenced to be crucified.

23b

Jesus is crucified. He is insulted and derided while on the cross. There are two thieves on the cross who discuss this situation. Jesus dies upon the cross. There are Witnesses to the crucifixion. Jesus is buried in Joseph of Arimathea's tomb.

24

Christ rises from the dead. Various disciples visit the tomb. The risen Christ teaches two people along the road to Emmaus. Jesus appears to the disciples, who are gathered together. He explains some of the Scriptures to them. Jesus ascends into heaven.

Chapter Outline

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines

lukesummarychart.jpg

Luke Summary Chart (a graphic); Jensen’s Survey taken from Precept Austin; accessed June 15, 2021. I am uncertain about the 1.5 year and 6 month time assignments. The rest is pretty reasonable.




A chronology like this is often used in order to synch up the gospel biographies.

A Chronology of the Lord’s Life

 

Matthew

Mark

Luke

John

Period One: The Early Years

X

 

X

 

   – The Preview of Christ

X

 

X

 

    – The Birth of Christ

X

 

X

 

   – The Youth of Christ

 

 

X

 

Period Two: Preparation

X

X

X

X

   – The Herald of Christ

X

X

X

X

   – The Baptism of Christ

X

X

X

 

   – The Temptation of Christ

X

X

X

 

Period Three: Early Ministry

 

 

 

 

   – The First Disciples

X

X

X

 

Jesus clearly calls His disciples in Matthew and Mark; in Luke, the calling is less pronounced. The disciples are certainly found in John,

   – The Galilean Ministry

X

X

X

X

   – The Judean Ministry

X

X

X

X

   – The Samarian Ministry

 

 

X

X

Period Four: Galilee

 

 

 

 

   – The Tribute to John

X

 

X

 

   – The Apostles of Jesus

X

X

X

X

   – The Teachings of Jesus

 

 

 

 

   – The Miracles of Jesus

 

 

 

 

   – The Opposition to Jesus

 

 

 

 

   – The Changes in Ministry

 

 

 

 

Period Five: Training the Twelve

 

 

 

 

   – Jesus’ Withdrawal with the 12

 

 

 

 

   – Jesus’s Focus on the 12

 

 

 

 

Period Six: The Judean Ministry

 

 

 

 

   – Opposition to Jesus

 

 

 

 

   – Teachings of Jesus

 

 

 

 

Period Seven: Perean Ministry

 

 

 

 

   – Notable Events

 

 

 

 

   – Notable Miracles

 

 

 

 

   – Notable Teachings

 

 

 

 

Period Eight: The Last Days

 

 

 

 

   – His Sufferings

 

 

 

 

   – His Resurrection

 

 

 

 

   – His Post-resurrection Ministry

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I took the chart from Servants’ Bible school (accessed December 1, 2018) and slightly modified it.

A more complete gospel harmony chart (with specific passages given) may be found here: https://byustudies.byu.edu/charts/7-6-synopsis-four-gospels (accessed December 1, 2018)


Although I am pleased to have found this online, there are many problems with it. The biggest problem is, Palmer appears to have followed Luke’s gospel in order to set up the overall chronology for the chart, and that appears to be a mistake. I have since focused of specific sections and expanded those sections.

Harmony of the Gospel Chart from Life of Christ (Ken Palmer/Gary Kukis)

Event

Matthew

Mark

Luke

John

Pre–existence of Christ

 

 

 

1:1–18

Genealogy of Jesus through Joseph

1:1–17

 

 

 

Genealogy of Jesus through Mary

 

 

3:23–38

 

Gabriel announces John's birth

 

 

1:1–25

 

Gabriel visits Mary

 

 

1:26–38

 

Mary visits Elizabeth

 

 

1:39–56

 

Birth of John the Baptist

 

 

1:57–80

 

Angel visits Joseph in a dream

1:18–25

 

 

 

Birth of Jesus in Bethlehem

 

 

2:1–7

 

Shepherds visit Jesus

 

 

2:8–20

 

Circumcision of Jesus

 

 

2:21

 

Jesus presented in the Temple

 

 

2:22–38

 

Wise men bring gifts

2:1–12

 

 

 

Joseph's family escapes to Egypt

2:13–15

 

 

 

Bethehem children killed

2:16–18

 

 

 

Joseph's family settles in Nazareth

2:19–23

 

2:39

 

Childhood of Jesus

 

 

2:40–52

 

Ministry of John the Baptist

3:1–12

1:1–8

3:1–20

 

John baptizes Jesus

3:13–17

1:9–11

3:21–23

 

Temptation of Jesus

4:1–11

1:12–13

4:1–13

 

John's testimony about Christ

 

 

 

1:19–28

John recounts Christ's baptism

 

 

 

1:29–34

First disciples

 

 

 

1:35–51

First miracle – turning water to wine

 

 

 

2:1–12

First temple cleansing

 

 

 

2:13–25

Nicodemus meets Jesus at night

 

 

 

3:1–21

Disciples baptize many in Judea

 

 

 

3:22–24

Disciples ask John about Jesus

 

 

 

3:25–36

Herod imprisons John the Baptist

4:12

1:14

3:19–20

 

Jesus withdraws from Judea

 

 

 

4:1–3

Samaritan woman at Jacob's well

 

 

 

4:4–26

Disciples question Jesus

 

 

 

4:27–38

Samaritans come to Jesus

 

 

 

4:39–42

Jesus continues toward Galilee

 

 

4:14–15

4:43

First rejection in Nazareth

 

 

4:16–30

 

Arrival in Cana of Galilee

 

 

 

4:43–45

Jesus heals official's son

 

 

 

4:46–54

Jesus settles in Capernaum

4:13–17

1:14–15

4:31–32

 

Fishermen called to be disciples

4:18–22

1:16–20

 

 

Demoniac in Synagogue

 

1:21–28

4:33–37

 

Peter's mother–in–law healed

8:14–17

1:29–31

4:38–39

 

Many healed at sunset

 

1:32–34

4:40–41

 

Disciples seek Jesus

 

1:35–38

4:42–43

 

Jesus preaches in Synagogues

4:23–25

1:39

4:44

 

Jesus preaches in Simon's boat

 

 

5:1–3

 

Miraculous catch of fish

 

 

5:4–11

 

Jesus heals a leper

8:2–4

1:40–45

5:12–16

 

Jesus cures a paralytic

9:2–8

2:1–12

5:17–26

 

Matthew called to be a disciple

9:9

2:13–14

5:27–28

 

Parables at Levi's reception

9:10–17

2:15–22

5:29–39

 

Passover in Jerusalem

 

 

 

5:1

Man healed at pools of Bethesda

 

 

 

5:2–15

Jesus challenged for healing on Sabbath

 

 

 

5:16–47

Disciples pick grain on the Sabbath

12:1–8

2:23–28

6:1–5

 

Man's hand healed on the Sabbath

12:9–14

3:1–6

6:6–11

 

Jesus withdraws to the sea

12:14–21

3:7

 

 

Many follow Jesus to be healed

4:23–25

3:7–12

 

 

Jesus prays on a mountain

 

 

6:12

 

Jesus selects 12 disciples

 

3:13–19

6:13–16

 

Jesus descends and heals the multitude

 

 

6:17–19

 

Jesus ascends to address the multitude

5:1

 

 

 

Sermon on the Mount

5:1–8:1

 

6:20–49

 

Jesus heals a Centurion's servant

8:5–13

 

7:1–10

 

Widow of Nain's son is raised

 

 

7:11–17

 

John sends 2 disciples to question Jesus

11:2–6

 

7:18–23

 

Jesus commends John the Baptist

11:7–19

 

7:24–35

 

Jesus rebukes 3 cities

11:20–30

 

 

 

Jesus dines with Simon the Pharisee

 

 

7:36–50

 

Generous women

 

 

8:1–3

 

Jesus heals a demon–possessed man

12:22–23

3:20–22

 

 

Pharisees rebuked

12:24–37

3:22–30

 

 

Sign of Jonah

12:38–45

 

 

 

Family seeks Jesus

12:46–50

3:31–35

8:19–21

 

Parables by the Sea

13:1–35

4:1–34

8:4–18

 

Parables explained and told in private

13:36–53

 

 

 

Orders to cross the Sea of Galilee

8:18

4:35

8:22

 

Jesus calms a stormy sea

8:23–27

4:36–41

8:23–25

 

Legion cast out of violent man

8:28–34

5:1–20

8:26–39

 

Jesus sails to Capernaum

9:1

5:21

8:40

 

Jairus asks Jesus to heal his daughter

9:18–19

5:22–23

8:41–42

 

Ill woman is healed by touching Jesus

9:20–22

5:24–34

8:42–48

 

Daughter's death is reported to Jairus

 

5:35–36

8:49–50

 

Jesus raises Jairus' daughter to life

9:23–26

5:37–43

8:51–56

 

Jesus heals two blind men

9:27–31

 

 

 

Jesus heals a mute demoniac

9:32–34

 

 

 

Second rejection in Nazareth (out of synch?)

13:54–58

6:1–6

 

 

12 sent out to preach

9:35–11:1

6:7–13

9:1–6

 

Death of John the Baptist recalled

 

6:16–20

 

 

Herod fears John the Baptist has risen

14:1–12

6:14–15

9:7–9

 

12 return and they withdraw

14:13

6:30–32

9:10

6:1

Jesus teaches multitude

14:14

6:33–34

9:11

6:2

Jesus feeds 5,000

14:15–21

6:35–44

9:12–17

6:3–14

Jesus prays alone

14:22–23

6:45–47

 

6:15

Jesus walks on water

14:24–27

6:48–52

 

6:16–21

Peter walks on water

14:28–33

 

 

 

Healings in Gennesaret

14:34–36

6:53–56

 

 

Bread of Life discourse

 

 

 

6:22–7:1

Traditions of men rebuked

15:1–11

7:1–16

 

 

Parable explained in private

15:12–20

7:17–23

 

 

Gentile woman's faith

15:21–28

7:24–30

 

 

Jesus heals a deaf man

 

7:31–37

 

 

Many healed on a mountain

15:29–31

 

 

 

Jesus feeds 4,000

15:32–39

8:1–10

 

 

Pharisees seek a sign

16:1–4

8:11–13

 

 

Leaven of the Pharisees

16:5–12

8:13–21

 

 

Blind man cured in Bethsaida

 

8:22–26

 

 

Peter's confession

16:13–20

8:27–30

9:18–20

 

Jesus foretells His death

16:21

8:31

9:21–22

 

Jesus rebukes Peter

16:22–23

8:32–33

 

 

Jesus enjoins the disciples to take up their cross and follow Him.

16:24–26

8:34–38

9:23–25

 

Jesus promises that some standing there would see Him glorified.

16:27–28

9:1

9:26–27

 

The Transfiguration

17:1–8

9:2–8

9:28–36

 

Elijah discussed while descending

17:9–13

9:9–13

 

 

Demon is cast out of boy

17:14–18

9:14–27

9:37–43

 

Disciples ask about the miracle

17:19–21

9:28–29

 

 

Jesus discusses his death

17:22–23

9:30–32

9:44–45

 

Jesus pays Temple tax

17:24–27

 

 

 

Disciples argue about greatest

18:1–6

9:33–37

9:46–48

 

John's zeal

 

9:38–42

9:49–50

 

Warnings about stumbling blocks

18:7–11

9:43–50

 

 

Lost sheep parable

18:12–14

 

 

 

Church discipline

18:15–20

 

 

 

Peter's question about forgiveness

18:21–35

 

 

 

Feast of Booths at hand

 

 

 

7:2

Brothers advise Jesus to go to Judea

 

 

 

7:3–8

Jesus stays in Galilee

 

 

 

7:9

Jesus sets his face to go to Jerusalem

 

 

9:51

7:10

Messengers sent to Samaria

 

 

9:52–53

 

James and John rebuked for attitude

 

 

9:54–56

 

Unfit followers

8:19–22

 

9:57–62

 

People afraid to speak publicly of Jesus

 

 

 

7:11–13

Jesus in the temple mid–feast

 

 

 

7:14–15

Jesus says some seek to kill him

 

 

 

7:16–19

Defense for healing on Sabbath

 

 

 

7:20–24

Jesus cries out in the temple

 

 

 

7:25–30

Multitudes amazed at Signs

 

 

 

7:31

Pharisees seek to sieze Jesus

 

 

 

7:32–36

Last day of Feast

 

 

 

7:37

Rivers of living water

 

 

 

7:37–39

Division among the people

 

 

 

7:40–44

Pharisees question officers

 

 

 

7:45–47

Judgement of Nicodemus

 

 

 

7:48–53

Jesus goes to the Mount of Olives

 

 

 

8:1

Teaches at temple in the morning

 

 

 

8:2

Adulterous woman brought to Jesus

 

 

 

8:3–11

Light of the world

 

 

 

8:12–20

Sent by the Father

 

 

 

8:21–30

Temple debate about father Abraham

 

 

 

8:31–59

Jesus leaves the temple

 

 

 

8:59

Jesus heals a man born blind

 

 

 

9:1–7

Neighbors question healed blind man

 

 

 

9:8–12

Pharisees question man's parents

 

 

 

9:13–34

Jesus finds the man

 

 

 

9:35–39

Pharisees ask if they are blind

 

 

 

9:40–10:6

Jesus explains he is the Good Shepherd

 

 

 

10:7–18

Division among the Jews

 

 

 

10:19–21

Some of Luke 10 should show some parallels to other passages; maybe Luke 11?

Seventy sent out

 

 

10:1–16

 

Seventy return

 

 

10:17–20

 

Jesus rejoices

 

 

10:21–22

 

Jesus privately blesses the 12

 

 

10:23–24

 

Lawyer tests Jesus

 

 

10:25–28

 

Parable of the Good Samaritan

 

 

10:29–37

 

Martha prepares while Mary listens

 

 

10:38–42

 

How to pray

 

 

11:1–13

 

Blasphemy and teachings on demons

 

 

11:14–26

 

A woman blesses Mary

 

 

11:27–28

 

Sign of Jonah

 

 

11:29–32

 

Lamp of the body

 

 

11:33–36

 

Lunch with a Pharisee

 

 

11:37

 

Jesus does not wash his hands

 

 

11:38

 

Jesus pronounces woes on the Pharisees

 

 

11:39–44

 

Jesus pronounces woes on the Lawyers

 

 

11:45–52

 

Jesus leaves, and they plot against him.

 

 

11:53–54

 

Jesus teaches a great crowd

 

 

12:1–12

 

Jesus warns against greed

 

 

12:13–15

 

Parables about being ready

 

 

12:16–40

 

Peter's question

 

 

12:41

 

More parables

 

 

12:42–59

 

Fate of Galileans reported to Jesus

 

 

13:1–5

 

Parable of the fig tree

 

 

13:6–9

 

Woman healed on the Sabbath

 

 

13:10–13

 

Synagogue official opposes Jesus

 

 

13:14–17

 

Parables of mustard seed and leaven

 

 

13:18–21

 

Feast of Dedication in the temple

 

 

 

10:22–23

Jews confront Christ

 

 

 

10:24–39

Jesus goes to Aenon near Salim

 

 

 

10:40–42

Jesus travels toward Jerusalem

 

 

13:22

 

How many will be saved?

 

 

13:23–30

 

Pharisees warn Jesus about Herod

 

 

13:31–35

 

In a Pharisee's house on the Sabbath

 

 

14:1

 

Man with dropsy healed

 

 

14:2–6

 

Parable of the guests

 

 

14:7–11

 

Parable to the host of the feast

 

 

14:12–14

 

Parable of the dinner

 

 

14:15–24

 

Great multitudes travel with Jesus

 

 

14:25

 

Cost of discipleship

 

 

14:25–35

 

Eats with tax collectors and sinners

 

 

15:1–2

 

Lost sheep, coin, and son

 

 

15:3–32

 

Parable of the unrighteous steward

 

 

16:1–13

 

Pharisees scoff. Teaching on divorce.

 

 

16:14–18

 

Rich man and Lazarus

 

 

16:19–31

 

Jesus instructs disciples

 

 

17:1–10

 

Lazarus of Bethany reported sick

 

 

 

11:1–6

Jesus delays for 2 days

 

 

 

11:6

Jesus prepares 12 to go to Judea

 

 

 

11:7–16

Arrives near Bethany, 2 days later

 

 

 

11:17–18

Martha meets Jesus

 

 

 

11:19–29

Mary comes to Jesus

 

 

 

11:30–37

Jesus comes to the tomb

 

 

 

11:38

Jesus raises Lazarus from the dead

 

 

 

11:39–44

Unbelievers report to Pharisees

 

 

 

11:45–46

Conspiracy to kill Jesus

 

 

 

11:47–53

Jesus goes to Ephraim

 

 

 

11:54

Ten lepers are cleansed

 

 

17:11–14

 

Samaritan returns to thank Jesus

 

 

17:15–19

 

Pharisees ask about the Kingdom

 

 

17:20–21

 

Jesus warns disciples about the future

 

 

17:22–37

 

Parable of the unjust judge

 

 

18:1–8

 

Parable of the Pharisee and tax collector

 

 

18:9–14

 

These narratives begin to synch up again at this point:

Jesus goes to Judea by the Jordan

19:1

10:1

 

 

Multitudes follow Jesus

19:2

 

 

 

Pharisees questions on divorce

19:3–9

10:2–9

 

 

Disciples questions on divorce

19:10–12

10:10–12

 

 

Jesus blesses little children

19:13–15

10:13–16

18:15–17

 

Rich young ruler

19:16–26

10:17–27

18:18–27

 

Disciples reward

19:27–30

10:28–31

18:28–30

 

First shall be last discourse

20:1–16

 

 

 

Jesus predicts death

20:17–19

10:32–34

18:31–34

 

Request for James and John

20:20–24

10:35–41

 

 

Relationship of disciples

20:25–28

10:42–45

 

 

Blind men healed near Jericho

20:29–34

10:46–52

18:35–43

 

Zaccheus is converted near Jericho

 

 

19:1–10

 

Jesus is near Jerusalem

 

 

19:11

 

Blind men healed near Jericho

 

 

19:12–27

 

Journey to Jerusalem for Passover

 

 

 

11:54

Jesus discussed by Jews and Priests

 

 

 

11:55–57

Jesus in Bethany

 

 

 

12:1

Mary anoints Jesus in Simon's house

 

 

 

12:2–8

Mary's deed recounted

26:6–13

14:3–9

 

 

Crowds come to see Jesus and Lazarus

 

 

 

12:9

Chief priests conspire to kill Lazarus

 

 

 

12:10–11

Jesus ascends toward Jerusalem

21:1

11:1

19:28

 

Two disciples get a colt

21:1–7

11:1–7

19:29–35

 

Triumphal entry into Jerusalem

21:8–11

11:7–10

19:35–38

12:12–18

Pharisees reaction

 

 

19:39–40

12:19

Jesus weeps for Jerusalem

 

 

19:41–44

 

Jesus enters Jerusalem and Bethany

 

11:11

 

 

Jesus curses a fig tree

 

11:12–14

 

 

Second temple cleansing

21:12–13

11:15–17

19:45–46

 

Jesus heals many in the temple

21:14

 

 

 

Jewish leaders seek to destroy Jesus

21:15–16

11:18

19:47–48

 

Jesus leaves Jerusalem

21:17

11:19

 

 

Withered fig tree (next morning)

21:18–22

11:20–26

 

 

Authority challenged in the Temple

21:23–27

11:27–33

20:1–8

 

Parable of the two sons

21:28–32

 

 

 

Parable of the vine growers

21:33–41

12:1–9

20:9–18

 

Jesus speaks of the chief cornerstone that the builders rejected (Psalm 118)

21:42–44

12:10–11

20:17–18

 

The pharisees know that these parables are about them

21:45–46

12:12

20:19

 

Parable of the wedding feast

22:1–14

 

 

 

Jews question on paying taxes

22:15–22

12:13–17

20:20–26

 

Sadducees question the resurrection

22:23–32

12:18–27

20:27–38

 

The scribes and crowd are impressed with Jesus answer

22:33

 

20:39–40

 

Scribes and pharisees question Jesus

22:34–40

12:28–34

 

 

Jesus then asks about David’s son

22:41–46

12:35–37

20:41–44

 

Warnings about Scribes and Pharisees

23:1–36

12:38–40

20:45–47

 

Jesus gives woes about Jerusalem

23:37–39

 

 

 

Widow's mite

 

12:41–44

21:1–4

 

Disciples admire the temple

24:1-2

13:1-2

21:5-6

 

The four fishermen question Jesus

24:3

13:3-4

21:7

 

Jesus warns disciples of persecution

24:4-14

13:5-13

21:8-19

 

Jesus predicts the fall of Jerusalem

 

 

21:20-24

 

Jesus predicts the abomination of desolation.

24:15-28

13:14-23

 

 

Jesus teaches about the 2nd coming

24:29-31

13:24-27

21:25-28

 

Parable of the fig tree

24:32-33

13:28-29

21:29-31

 

Warnings to be alert

24:34-51

13:30-37

21:32-36

 

People come early to hear Jesus teach

 

 

21:37-38

 

Parable of the 10 virgins

25:1–13

 

 

 

Parable of the talents

25:14–30

 

 

 

Warnings about the Judgment

25:31–46

 

 

 

Jesus predicts day of crucifixion

26:1–2

 

 

 

Greeks seek Jesus

 

 

 

12:20–22

Final public appeals to unbelievers

 

 

 

12:23–50

Plot to kill Jesus (see comparison)

26:3–5

14:1–2

22:1–2

11:55–57

Judas bargains to betray Jesus (see comparison)

26:14–16

14:10–11

22:3–6

 

Peter & John sent to prepare for Passover (see comparison)

26:17–19

14:12–16

22:7–13

 

Fellowship in the upper room (recheck this; does it belong with the Eucharist?)

26:20

14:17

22:14

 

Jesus washes the disciples' feet

 

 

 

13:1–20

Jesus speaks again of His suffering, saying that this will be the last time that He drinks of the fruit of the vine until the Passover is fulfilled

 

 

22:15–16

 

Jesus indicates this will be the last from the fruit of the vine that He will drink until the Kingdom of God has come. It appears that this is not a separate toast, but simply passing out the wine for the Lord’s Supper.

 

 

22:17–18

 

Lord's Supper (compare 1Corinthians 11:23–29) (see comparison)

26:26–29

14:22–25

22:19–20

 

Jesus predicts his betrayal (see comparison)  

26:21–25

14:18–21

22:21–23

13:21–26

Judas leaves

 

 

 

13:27–30

A new commandment

 

 

 

13:31–35

Dispute about the greatest disciple

 

 

22:24–30

 

Jesus predicts the disciples' denial

26:31–32

14:27–28

 

 

Jesus tells Simon he prayed for him

 

 

22:31–32

 

Jesus predicts Peter's denials (see comparison)

26:33–35

14:29–31

22:33–34

13:36–38

Jesus warns the disciples to be prepared

 

 

22:35–38

 

Jesus comforts the disciples

 

 

 

14:1–4

Jesus responds to Thomas

 

 

 

14:5–7

Jesus responds to Philip

 

 

 

14:8–21

Jesus responds to Judas not Iscariot

 

 

 

14:22–31

They sing a hymn and leave

26:30

14:26

 

14:31

Farewell discourse

 

 

 

15:1–16:33

Jesus prays for his disciples

 

 

 

17:1–26

This is quite remarkable that there are three chapters of teaching by Jesus recorded by John, and left out by the other gospel writers.

Jesus enters Gethsemane

26:36

14:32

22:39–40

18:1

Jesus prays in the Garden of Gethsemane (see comparison)

26:36–46

14:32–42

22:40–46

 

Mob comes to arrest Jesus

26:47

14:43

22:47a

18:2–3

Judas betrays Jesus with a kiss (see comparison)

26:48–50

14:44–45

22:47b–48

 

Jesus answers the mob with authority

 

 

 

18:4–9

Peter severs the ear of Malchus (see comparison)

26:50–54

14:46–47

22:49–50

18:10–11

Jesus heals the high priest's servant (see comparison)

 

 

22:51

 

Jesus is arrested. The disciples flee. (See comparison)

26:55–56

14:48–52

22:52–53

18:12

Jesus lead to high priest's house

26:57

14:53

22:54

18:13–14

Jesus is first taken to the home of Annas; and from there, He is taken to the home of Caiaphas.

Peter follows at a distance (see comparison)

26:58

14:54

22:54

18:15–16

Peter's 1st denial – doorkeeping girl (see comparison)

26:69–70

14:66–68

22:55–57

18:17–18

Annas questions Jesus

 

 

 

18:19–24

There appears to be an informal meeting of the Sanhedrin at the home of Caiaphas. Witnesses are brought forward, Jesus is questioned; and Jesus is beaten afterward.

False witnesses testify

26:59–61

14:55–59

 

 

Caiaphas condemns Jesus

26:62–66

14:60–64

 

 

Sanhedrin beats Jesus (it is not clear if this is the same beating found in Luke 22:63–65)

26:67–68

14:65

 

 

Are there two beatings which take place or just one?

Peter's 2nd denial – by the fire (see comparison)

26:71–72

14:69–70

22:58

18:25

Peter's 3rd denial – relative of Malchus (see comparison)

26:73–75

14:70–72

22:59–62

18:26–27

Guards beat Jesus (see comparison)

 

 

22:63–65

 

The Sanhedrin officially meets when it is dawn. The unofficial meeting is covered by Matthew and Mark; the official assembly is covered by Luke. It is likely that the official meeting takes place in another building.

This is the way that I read it. Others combine these two meetings into one. It appears to me that the first one is unofficial, to get their ducks in a row, and to go with a practice run through. It takes place at the home of Caiaphas while it is still dark. The second meeting takes place at first light, and it would be the official meeting of the Sanhedrin and likely at a different location.

The official meeting of the Sanhedrin at day.

 

 

22:66–71

 

I may have to go back and recheck the final events of this chapter, from say vv. 63 forward.

Sanhedrin beats Jesus

26:67–68

14:65

 

 

Jesus lead from Caiaphas to Praetorium

 

 

 

18:28

Remorse of Judas

27:1–10

 

Acts 1:16–20

 

Jesus before Pilate

27:1–14

 

23:1–7

18:29–38

Jesus before Herod

 

 

23:8–10

 

Herod's soldiers mock Jesus

 

15:1–5

23:11–12

 

Pilate releases Barabbas

27:15–26

15:6–15

23:13–25

18:38–40

Pilate's soldiers crown and mock Jesus

27:27–30

15:16–20

 

19:1–3

Pilate tries to release Jesus

 

 

 

19:4–7

Pilate questions Jesus again

 

 

 

19:8–11

Pilate tries to release Jesus again

 

 

 

19:12

Pilate sentences Jesus

 

 

 

19:13–15

Pilate delivers Jesus to be crucified

 

 

 

19:16

Jesus carries the cross

 

 

 

19:17

Simon of Cyrene bears the cross

27:31–32

15:20–21

23:26

 

Jesus speaks to weeping women

 

 

23:27–32

 

Jesus is brought to Golgotha

27:33

15:22

23:32–33

19:17

Soldiers offer Jesus sour wine mix

27:34

15:23

 

 

He is crucified on the 3rd hour

 

15:25

 

 

2 robbers are crucified with Jesus

27:38

15:27–28

23:33

19:18

Inscription written by Pilate

27:37

15:26

23:38

19:19–22

"Forgive them…"

 

 

23:34

 

Soldiers divide the garments of Jesus

27:35–36

15:24

23:34

19:23–24

"Behold your mother."

 

 

 

19:25–27

Multitudes mock Jesus

27:39–43

15:29–32

23:35–37

 

Robbers mock Jesus

27:44

15:32

23:39

 

One robber rebukes the other

 

 

23:40–41

 

"…you will be with me in Paradise."

 

 

23:43

 

Darkness from 6th to 9th hour

27:45

15:33

23:44–45

 

"Eloi, Eloi, Lamma, Sabachthani"

27:46

15:34

 

 

"I thirst."

 

 

 

19:28

Jesus is offered sour wine on a reed.

27:47–49

15:35–36

 

19:29–30

"It is finished."

 

 

 

19:30

Jesus cries out

27:50

15:37

23:46

 

"Into Thy hands I commit my spirit."

 

 

23:46

 

Jesus bows his head and dies

27:50

15:37

23:46

19:30

Temple veil torn from top to bottom

27:51

15:38

23:45

 

Earthquake

27:51

 

 

 

Saints rise, after Christ's resurrection

27:52–53

 

 

 

Centurion glorifies God

27:54

15:39

23:47

 

Multitude leaves grieving

 

 

23:48

 

Women watch from a distance

27:55–56

15:40–41

23:49

 

Request that legs be broken

 

 

 

19:31–32

Soldier pierces Jesus' side

 

 

 

19:33–34

Fulfilment of prophecy

 

 

 

19:35–37

Joseph requests body from Pilate

27:57–58

15:42–43

23:50–52

19:38

Centurion reports that Jesus is dead

 

15:44–45

 

 

Joseph takes the body

 

15:45

 

19:38

Nicodemus and Joseph prepare the body

 

 

 

19:39–40

Body placed in new garden tomb

27:59–60

15:46

23:53

19:41–42

Two Mary's watch the burial

27:61

15:47

23:54–55

 

Roman soldiers guard the tomb

27:62–66

 

 

 

Two Mary's prepare spices and then rest

 

 

23:56

 

Angel rolls stone

28:2–4

 

 

 

Women bring spices to tomb at dawn

28:1

16:1–4

24:1–3

20:1

Angels appear to women

28:5–7

16:5–7

24:4–8

 

Women run to tell disciples

28:8

16:8

24:9–11

20:2

Peter and John inspect the empty tomb

 

 

24:12

20:3–9

Peter and John go home

 

 

24:12

20:10

Mary Magdalene stands weeping

 

 

 

20:11

Mary sees two angels

 

 

 

20:12–13

Jesus appears to Mary Magdalene

 

16:9

 

20:14–17

Jesus appears to other women

28:9–10

 

 

 

Women report to the disciples

 

16:10–11

 

20:18

Guards report to the priests

28:11–15

 

 

 

Jesus meets 2 on road to Emmaus

 

16:12–13

24:13–32

 

Jesus appears to Simon Peter

1 Cor 15:5

 

24:34

 

Two report to disciples in Jerusalem

 

 

24:33–35

 

Jesus appears to disciples without Thomas

 

 

24:36–46

20:19–24

Disciples report to Thomas

 

 

 

20:25

Jesus appears to disciples and Thomas

 

16:14

 

20:26–29

Jesus appears to seven by the sea

 

 

 

21:1–14

Jesus questions Peter 3 times

 

 

 

21:15–23

Jesus appears to 500 bretheren

1 Cor 15:6

 

 

 

Jesus appears to James

1 Cor 15:7

 

 

 

Jesus commissions the apostles

28:16–20

16:15–18

24:44–49

 

Jesus is received into Heaven

 

16:19–20

24:50–53

 

John's first testimony

 

 

 

20:30–31

John's second testimony

 

 

 

21:24–25

Luke summarizes the 40 day appearances

 

 

Acts 1:4–11

 

At some point, I need to improve on this chapter. When dealing with Luke 9, I had to change a lot of things; so this may be called for, for the entire chart.

From http://www.lifeofchrist.com/Life/Harmony accessed December 1, 2018. Starting on this page, they do something that I have not seen before—they look at each individual gospel and then match up the parallel passages for each gospel.

That link is no longer any good. Try http://www.onthewing.org/user/Gospel_Harmony.pdf accessed February 10, 2023.


 

Harmony of the Gospels Charts

http://so4j.com/harmony-of-the-gospels-of-jesus-in-the-bible


A Harmony of the Gospels for Students of the Life of Christ, by Archibald Thomas Robertson:

http://www.gutenberg.org/files/36264/36264-h/36264-h.htm


Blue Letter Bible Version:

https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/harmony/index.cfm


BYU Studies:

https://byustudies.byu.edu/charts/7-6-synopsis-four-gospels


Life of Christ (by Ken Palmer):

Harmony of the Gospels

Parallels to Matthew's Gospel

Parallels to Mark's Gospel

Parallels to Luke’s Gospel

Parallels to John’s Gospel (I am having problems with these links now)

 

Chapter Outline

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines


The Four Gospels (a chart); from so4j.com; accessed November 21, 2018.


luke_intro.gif

One of the things which I have observed in the book of Luke—and I think this fits into its own specific set of themes—is that the doctrine of Kenosis is emphasized. That is, the idea that Jesus did not operate from His Own Deity, but that God gave Him the power of the Holy Spirit, and Jesus functioned according to the plan of God in the power of the Holy Spirit. There are at least 3 passages in Luke 8 which make perfect sense if we understand the Lord functioning in this way. If we insist that Jesus operated from His Deity throughout, the things that He says and does make less sense.


Introductory Sections from Others:


This is actually a Catholic Resource. I am not a Catholic; nor is my website designed for Catholics specifically (nor am I anti-Catholic, for reasons which I will explain). I have many problems with the Catholic church, chiefly the pope, their hierarchy, transubstantiation, and their adoration of Mary. That being said, I have known many people who have been saved through attendance to a Catholic Church, where the gospel was made clear to them (I have quizzed them on this).

The Catholic Church of the Middle Ages made it a crime punishable by death to distribute the Scriptures in the language of the population (when they were at their most extreme). At this point, there may be as many as a dozen Catholic translations (those given the imprimatur from the Catholic Church). Meaning that these are Catholic-approved Bible translations. Here’s the deal: these translations are somewhere between good and excellent and I cannot recall coming across a translation or a footnote which is specifically Catholic, as in, non-Protestant. I don’t doubt that somewhere, there is a passage given a slightly biased translation; or a footnote which does this; I just have not found it yet.

I refer to and like the following Catholic-approved translations: the Christian Community Bible (1988); the Heritage Bible (both of these are nearly impossible to find now, and I have preserved them at my website); the New American Bible (2002 and 2011); the New English Bible–1970; the New Jerusalem Bible; the Revised English Bible–1989 (which is an update on the NEB); the New Catholic Bible and the New Revised Standard Version (Anglicized Catholic Edition).

All of these reasonably well-done translations put into the hands of the people is an outstanding step in the right direction by the Catholic Church.

THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO LUKE (from the New American Bible—2011)

The Gospel according to Luke is the first part of a two-volume work that continues the biblical history of God’s dealings with humanity found in the Old Testament, showing how God’s promises to Israel have been fulfilled in Jesus and how the salvation promised to Israel and accomplished by Jesus has been extended to the Gentiles. The stated purpose of the two volumes is to provide Theophilus and others like him with certainty—assurance—about earlier instruction they have received (Lk 1:4). To accomplish his purpose, Luke shows that the preaching and teaching of the representatives of the early church are grounded in the preaching and teaching of Jesus, who during his historical ministry (Acts 1:21–22) prepared his specially chosen followers and commissioned them to be witnesses to his resurrection and to all else that he did (Acts 10:37–42). This continuity between the historical ministry of Jesus and the ministry of the apostles is Luke’s way of guaranteeing the fidelity of the Church’s teaching to the teaching of Jesus.


Luke’s story of Jesus and the church is dominated by a historical perspective. This history is first of all salvation history. God’s divine plan for human salvation was accomplished during the period of Jesus, who through the events of his life (Lk 22:22) fulfilled the Old Testament prophecies (Lk 4:21; 18:31; 22:37; 24:26–27, 44), and this salvation is now extended to all humanity in the period of the church (Acts 4:12). This salvation history, moreover, is a part of human history. Luke relates the story of Jesus and the church to events in contemporary Palestinian (Lk 1:5; 3:1–2; Acts 4:6) and Roman (Lk 2:1–2; 3:1; Acts 11:28; 18:2, 12) history for, as Paul says in Acts 26:26, “this was not done in a corner.” Finally, Luke relates the story of Jesus and the church to contemporaneous church history. Luke is concerned with presenting Christianity as a legitimate form of worship in the Roman world, a religion that is capable of meeting the spiritual needs of a world empire like that of Rome. To this end, Luke depicts the Roman governor Pilate declaring Jesus innocent of any wrongdoing three times (Lk 23:4, 14, 22). At the same time Luke argues in Acts that Christianity is the logical development and proper fulfillment of Judaism and is therefore deserving of the same toleration and freedom traditionally accorded Judaism by Rome (Acts 13:16–41; 23:6–9; 24:10–21; 26:2–23).


The prominence given to the period of the church in the story has important consequences for Luke’s interpretation of the teachings of Jesus. By presenting the time of the church as a distinct phase of salvation history, Luke accordingly shifts the early Christian emphasis away from the expectation of an imminent parousia to the day-to-day concerns of the Christian community in the world. He does this in the gospel by regularly emphasizing the words “each day” (Lk 9:23; cf. Mk 8:34; Lk 11:3; 16:19; 19:47) in the sayings of Jesus. Although Luke still believes the parousia to be a reality that will come unexpectedly (Lk 12:38, 45–46), he is more concerned with presenting the words and deeds of Jesus as guides for the conduct of Christian disciples in the interim period between the ascension and the parousia and with presenting Jesus himself as the model of Christian life and piety.


Throughout the gospel, Luke calls upon the Christian disciple to identify with the master Jesus, who is caring and tender toward the poor and lowly, the outcast, the sinner, and the afflicted, toward all those who recognize their dependence on God (Lk 4:18; 6:20–23; 7:36–50; 14:12–14; 15:1–32; 16:19–31; 18:9–14; 19:1–10; 21:1–4), but who is severe toward the proud and self-righteous, and particularly toward those who place their material wealth before the service of God and his people (Lk 6:24–26; 12:13–21; 16:13–15, 19–31; 18:9–14, 15–25; cf. Lk 1:50–53). No gospel writer is more concerned than Luke with the mercy and compassion of Jesus (Lk 7:41–43; 10:29–37; 13:6–9; 15:11–32). No gospel writer is more concerned with the role of the Spirit in the life of Jesus and the Christian disciple (Lk 1:35, 41; 2:25–27; 4:1, 14, 18; 10:21; 11:13; 24:49), with the importance of prayer (Lk 3:21; 5:16; 6:12; 9:28; 11:1–13; 18:1–8), or with Jesus’ concern for women (Lk 7:11–17, 36–50; 8:2–3; 10:38–42). While Jesus calls all humanity to repent (Lk 5:32; 10:13; 11:32; 13:1–5; 15:7–10; 16:30; 17:3–4; 24:47), he is particularly demanding of those who would be his disciples. Of them he demands absolute and total detachment from family and material possessions (Lk 9:57–62; 12:32–34; 14:25–35). To all who respond in faith and repentance to the word Jesus preaches, he brings salvation (Lk 2:30–32; 3:6; 7:50; 8:48, 50; 17:19; 19:9) and peace (Lk 2:14; 7:50; 8:48; 19:38, 42) and life (Lk 10:25–28; 18:26–30).


Early Christian tradition, from the late second century on, identifies the author of this gospel and of the Acts of the Apostles as Luke, a Syrian from Antioch, who is mentioned in the New Testament in Col 4:14, Phlm 24 and 2 Tm 4:11. The prologue of the gospel makes it clear that Luke is not part of the first generation of Christian disciples but is himself dependent upon the traditions he received from those who were eyewitnesses and ministers of the word (Lk 1:2). His two-volume work marks him as someone who was highly literate both in the Old Testament traditions according to the Greek versions and in Hellenistic Greek writings.


Among the likely sources for the composition of this gospel (Lk 1:3) were the Gospel of Mark, a written collection of sayings of Jesus known also to the author of the Gospel of Matthew (Q; see Introduction to Matthew), and other special traditions that were used by Luke alone among the gospel writers. Some hold that Luke used Mark only as a complementary source for rounding out the material he took from other traditions. Because of its dependence on the Gospel of Mark and because details in Luke’s Gospel (Lk 13:35a; 19:43–44; 21:20; 23:28–31) imply that the author was acquainted with the destruction of the city of Jerusalem by the Romans in A.D. 70, the Gospel of Luke is dated by most scholars after that date; many propose A.D. 80–90 as the time of composition.


Luke’s consistent substitution of Greek names for the Aramaic or Hebrew names occurring in his sources (e.g., Lk 23:33; Mk 15:22; Lk 18:41; Mk 10:51), his omission from the gospel of specifically Jewish Christian concerns found in his sources (e.g., Mk 7:1–23), his interest in Gentile Christians (Lk 2:30–32; 3:6, 38; 4:16–30; 13:28–30; 14:15–24; 17:11–19; 24:47–48), and his incomplete knowledge of Palestinian geography, customs, and practices are among the characteristics of this gospel that suggest that Luke was a non-Palestinian writing to a non-Palestinian audience that was largely made up of Gentile Christians.


The principal divisions of the Gospel according to Luke are the following:


    The Prologue (1:1–4)

    The Infancy Narrative (1:5–2:52)

    The Preparation for the Public Ministry (3:1–4:13)

    The Ministry in Galilee (4:14–9:50)

    The Journey to Jerusalem: Luke’s Travel Narrative (9:51–19:27)

    The Teaching Ministry in Jerusalem (19:28–21:38)

    The Passion Narrative (22:1–23:56)

    The Resurrection Narrative (24:1–53)

From https://bible.usccb.org/bible/luke/0 accessed May 25, 2023. Copyright 2019-2023 USCCB.

Chapter Outline

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines



 

The Gospel According to Luke (Dave Stott)

According to historical sources, Luke was a native of Antioch. The Gospel of Luke was written by a physician, who also was a friend of the Apostle Paul. Luke was highly educated and literate in the tradition of Greek and Roman composition. According to most scholars, the Gospel of Luke reflects that.


Luke’s Gospel does not specifically say that it was written by Luke, but the tradition of his authorship is recorded in numerous ancient documents as early as the 2nd century AD. In addition, corroborating evidence from other books of the New Testament strongly suggests Luke as the author.


While the Gospel of Luke is the longest of the four Gospels, it’s actually only the first part of the story. Luke wrote a lengthy two-volume work, containing both his Gospel account and the continuation of the story called, “the Acts of the Apostles.” Some scholars suggest that the Gospel of Luke and its continuation volume - Acts - were written as a defense for the Apostle Paul at his trial in Rome.


Scholars vary on the date of composition for Luke’s Gospel. Many critical scholars date the composition quite late - often between 80 and 100 AD. However, indicators within the Luke-Acts volume suggest that it was written before 70 AD, since the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple is not mentioned. Additionally, if the volume was written for the defense of Paul, its final composition date would be approximately 61 to 62 AD.


With specifics pertaining to Roman officials, such as their names, positions, and periods of rule, it’s obvious that Luke was writing a detailed account in the tradition of Hellenistic histories. The primary audience of Luke’s Gospel, then, would have been the Hellenistic culture and perhaps those most interested in a detailed history written in a linear, chronological scheme.


Luke tells us that he used eyewitness accounts as sources for his Gospel, as Luke himself was not present during the ministry of Jesus. However, several passages in Acts contain “we” phrases, demonstrating that Luke was himself an eyewitness and participant in many of the later events associated with Jesus’ earliest followers.


The opening of Luke’s Gospel establishes that he was an historian with an eye towards presenting the evidence:


Many have undertaken to draw up an account of the things that have been fulfilled among us, just as they were handed down to us by those who from the first were eyewitnesses and servants of the word. With this in mind, since I myself have carefully investigated everything from the beginning, I too decided to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, so that you may know the certainty of the things you have been taught. (Luke 1:1-4)


We really don’t know who this Theophilus was - maybe a politician or a publisher - but Luke obviously did his research in order to deliver an orderly account of Jesus’s life to this historical figure. In a sense, we’re all Theophilus - since we all need to know the facts underlying our faith.

 

Chapter Outline

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines











Chapter Outline

 

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines

Beginning of Document

Verse Navigation

Introduction and Text

First Verse

Chapter Summary

Addendum

www.kukis.org

 

Exegetical Studies in Luke

——————————


A Set of Summary Doctrines and Commentary


When I study a chapter of the Bible, one of the questions which I nearly always have is, why is this chapter in the Word of God?

Why Luke 31 is in the Word of God

1.      

2.      

 

Chapter Outline

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines

When studying a chapter in the Bible, there are a number of topics which that study leads to.

What We Learn from Luke 31

1.      

 

Chapter Outline

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines


Originally, I was going to remove this, as I have used it in the Old Testament to look forward. However, it is certainly reasonable to summarize how our Savior is portrayed in this chapter.

Jesus Christ in Luke 31

 

 

Chapter Outline

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines


——————————


Addendum


It may be helpful to see this chapter as a contiguous whole:

A Complete Translation of Luke 31

A Reasonably Literal Translation

A Reasonably Literal Paraphrase

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter Outline

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines


The following Psalms would be appropriately studied at this time:


R. B. Thieme, Jr. covered this chapter in lessons # of his series.


Word Cloud from a Reasonably Literal Paraphrase of Luke 31






Word Cloud from Exegesis of Luke 31

These two graphics should be very similar; this means that the exegesis of Luke 31 has stayed on topic and has covered the information found in this chapter of the Word of God.


Chapter Outline

 

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines

Beginning of Document

Verse Navigation

Introduction and Text

First Verse

Chapter Summary

Addendum

www.kukis.org

 

Exegetical Studies in Luke