Preface:    Numbers 9 covers three topics (1) The second Passover is to be observed; (2) for those who could not participate in the second Passover, an adjunct Passover was organized for the next month; (3) the cloud over the Tabernacle helped to guide the Israelites in the Sinai desert-wilderness.

The Bible Summary of Numbers 9 (in 140 characters or less): In the first month of the second year the Israelites kept the Passover. Whenever the cloud lifted from the tabernacle they journeyed.

There are many chapter commentaries on the book of Numbers. By the third draft, this should be the most extensive examination of Numbers 9, where you will be able to examine in depth every word of the original text. Every attempt has been made to make this both a complete and self-contained study. Therefore, all references, vocabulary, and related concepts should be found within this extensive study. Easy access links to more in-depth studies of some vocabulary words, concepts and doctrines are also provided.

Outline of Chapter 9:

Introduction

         vv.     1–

         vv. 

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         vv. 

Chapter Summary

Addendum

Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrines:

         Preface               Quotations

         Introduction         Titles and/or Brief Descriptions of Numbers 9 (by various commentators)

         Introduction         Brief, but insightful observations of Numbers 9 (various commentators)

         Introduction         Fundamental Questions About Numbers 9

         Introduction         The Prequel of Numbers 9

         Introduction 

         Introduction 

         Introduction         The Principals of Numbers 9

         Introduction         The Places of Numbers 9

         Introduction         By the Numbers

         Introduction         Timeline for Numbers 9

         Introduction         A Synopsis of Numbers 9

         Introduction         Outlines of Numbers 9 (Various Commentators)

         Introduction         A Synopsis of Numbers 9 from the Summarized Bible

         Introduction         The Big Picture (Numbers 1–15)

         Introduction 

         Introduction 

         Introduction         Changes—additions and subtractions (for Numbers 9)

         Introduction 

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         v.      13              Key Elements of a Seder (AI from Google)

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         Summary            A Set of Summary Doctrines and Commentary

         Summary            Why Numbers 9 is in the Word of God

         Summary            What We Learn from Numbers 9

         Summary            Jesus Christ in Numbers 9

         Summary            Edersheim Summarizes Numbers 9

         Summary 

         Addendum 

         Addendum          Josephus’ History of this Time Period

         Addendum          A Complete Translation of Numbers 9

         Addendum          Doctrinal Teachers Who Have Taught Numbers 9

         Addendum          Word Cloud from a Reasonably Literal Paraphrase of Numbers 9

         Addendum          Word Cloud from Exegesis of Numbers 9

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An Introduction to Numbers 9

I ntroduction: Did you know that there was provided each year an add-on or appended Passover for those who missed the one observed at the normal time? Numbers 9 is, in part, about the observance of the second Passover, but a secondary or adjunct Passover was also provided for those who could not attend the yearly ceremony. The example given is that of being unclean because of contact with a dead body. However, someone could be on a business trip or somewhere afar off and for that reason, miss the yearly observance of Passover. Therefore, an adjunct Passover was provided for. So, in future generations, those who might miss the normally scheduled Passover (for whatever reason) could observe it in the second month (rather than in the first month). God made the observance of the Passover a priority in the lives of the Hebrew people. This was something that they could not miss, even if they missed it.

The Passover represents our Lord dying for our sins. John the baptizer, when he saw Jesus approaching, cried out, “Observe, the Lamb of God!” Just as God does not want us to miss out on salvation through faith in Christ, so He did not want any Israelite to miss out on the Passover. Since salvation is of the utmost importance, observing the Passover, which is typical of salvation, was also of the utmost importance.

There are three sections in this chapter. God speaks to Moses about preparing to observe the second Passover. It became apparent that some men would not be able to observe the second Passover because of uncleanness (which could not be cured, even ceremonially, before the time of the Passover). Therefore, God gave them a time in the next month during which they could also observe the Passover. They were to follow all of the regulations and customs which pertained to the Passover.

The third section of this chapter deals with divine guidance during this period of Israel’s history. God guided Israel through the desert-wilderness by a pillar of cloud. If this cloud remained over the Tabernacle, then Israel was to remain camped right there. But if the cloud was lifted up over the Tabernacle, then Israel was to break camp and move on.

Numbers 9 is a summary passage, written long after it occurred, just as Exodus 40 was written long after it occurred (I don’t know why I believe this to be true). The first half of this chapter focuses in on the first Passover and God's commandments pertaining thereto. The second portion deals with God's directive will in the lives of the Israelites, leading them through the desert. A pattern had been established by this time, indicating that Moses wrote this long after it actually occurred. Furthermore, the time given in Numbers 9:1 is prior to the time of Numbers 1:1, indicating that Moses wrote this from memory or from notes and arranged this information topically. This indicates to me that from somewhere near the end of Exodus to at least this far in Numbers, Moses wrote that portion long after it all occurred.

What is quite helpful to us in Numbers 9 (and 10) is a time frame is given to us by implication. We, as Westerners, tend to think linearly and chronologically, and the end of Exodus (from Exodus 33 on), all of Leviticus and the first nine chapters of Numbers are not exactly in chronological order, but in a topical order as this information was brought to the hand of Moses when he recorded it. Most of the incidents recorded were in a chronological order and they would be interspersed with information received from God. Moses spent eighty days on top of the Mount of Sinai, God speaking to him. Do you think that he got the Ten Commandments and then God said, "Cool your heels, boy and let's wait till the Jews get themselves in trouble." God taught Moses the Law and everything that was expected by the Law. During the passages which read, and God spoke to Moses on Mount Sinai (Leviticus 25:1), this came from one of these two times upon Mount Sinai. When God spoke to Moses from the tent of meeting, this would have occurred after the completion of the tabernacle at the foot of Mount Sinai (Leviticus 1:1) or in the tent pitched outside the camp (Exodus 33:7–11). When God spoke to Moses in the desert of Mount Sinai, this would have been either after they set out on a journey or outside the camp prior to the building of the tabernacle (I haven't decided which yet). Now, how do we know that Exodus 33–Numbers 9 was not recorded as given by God in a day-by-day fashion? Two reasons: (1) Exodus 40:34–38 and Numbers 9:15–23 both are summary verses of the travels of Israel through the desert. That is, both look at the encampments of Israel and the travels of Israel from a perspective of several years of movement—a pattern was observed and recorded. This indicates to us that the information contained in these two passages, and, therefore, everything in between, was written after such a pattern was established. Furthermore, Exodus 33 contains the orders to set out and Numbers 10 is the fulfillment of these orders. In between, we have the construction of the tabernalce, tabernacle worship, etc.

It is claimed by some commentators that Numbers 9 covers the only observance of the Passover in the desert, but we really do not know that for certain. We know that it is observed here; we do not know whether or not it is observed 39 more times or not. After all, even though the Bible requires the Passover to be observed each year (Deuteronomy 16), this does not mean that it was not observed when there was no history of it.

Timeline for Numbers

There is very little narrative in the book of Numbers; so this information may have been given to Moses in a few days or, at most, a few weeks; and Moses both wrote these things down and informed the people. Because of information previously studied in the introduction, we are not 100% certain if all of this material was given to Moses while in the newly erected Tabernacle. I would lean towards that being the case.

As I have done previously, since this chapters is what God is saying to Moses, I will begin and end the chapter with quotation marks. I will not insert a new set of quotation marks for each new paragraph.

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Here is how others have translated this passage:

Ancient texts:                       Note: I compare the Hebrew text to English translations of the Latin, Syriac (= Aramaic) and Greek texts, using the Douay-Rheims translation; George Lamsa’s translation, and Sir Lancelot Charles Lee Brenton’s translation as revised and edited by Paul W. Esposito, respectively. I often update these texts with non-substantive changes (e.g., you for thou, etc.). I often use the text of the Complete Apostles’ Bible instead of Brenton’s translation, because it updates the English text.

The Septuagint was the earliest known translation of a book (circa 200 b.c.). Since this translation was made before the textual criticism had been developed into a science and because different books appear to be translated by different men, the Greek translation can sometimes be very uneven.

When there are serious disparities between my translation and Brenton’s (or the text of the Complete Apostles’ Bible), I look at the Greek text of the Septuagint (the LXX) to see if a substantive difference actually exists (and I reflect these changes in the English rendering of the Greek text). I use the Greek LXX with Strong’s numbers and morphology available for e-sword. The only problem with this resource (which is a problem for similar resources) is, there is no way to further explore Greek verbs which are not found in the New Testament. Although I usually quote the Complete Apostles’ Bible here, I have begun to make changes in the translation when their translation conflicts with the Greek and note what those changes are.

The Masoretic text is the Hebrew text with all of the vowels (vowel points) inserted (the original Hebrew text lacked vowels). We take the Masoretic text to be the text closest to the original. However, differences between the Masoretic text and the Greek, Latin and Syriac are worth noting and, once in a great while, represent a more accurate text possessed by those other ancient translators.

In general, the Latin text is an outstanding translation from the Hebrew text into Latin and very trustworthy (I say this as a non-Catholic). Unfortunately, I do not read Latin—apart from some very obvious words—so I am dependent upon the English translation of the Latin (principally, the Douay-Rheims translation).

The comparisons which I do are primarily between the English translations which are taken from the ancient tongues. For the most part, the variances are so minor that I rarely investigate them any further than that.

Underlined words indicate differences in the text.

Bracketed portions of the Dead Sea Scrolls are words, letters and phrases lost in the scroll due to various types of damage. Underlined words or phrases are those in the Dead Sea Scrolls but not in the Masoretic text.

I will only list the translation from the Dead Sea Scrolls if it exists and if it is different from the Masoretic text.

The Targum of Onkelos is actually the Pentateuchal Targumim, which are The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel. On the Pentateuch With The Fragments of the Jerusalem Targum From the Chaldee by J. W. Etheridge, M.A. From http://www.becomingjewish.org/texts/targum/onkelos_Numbers.html and first published in 1862.

Occasionally, there is an obvious error in the English translation, and I correct those without additional mention or footnoting. For instance, the online version of the Targum of Onkelos which I use has gorund in Ex. 4:9; I simply corrected the text. This may occur once or twice in a chapter.

I attempt to include translations which are different in their vocabulary and phrasing. On many occasions, I may include a translation which is not substantially different than another listed translation.

Most of the translations can be found here.

Ancient texts:

Masoretic Text (Hebrew)        And so speaks Y^ehowah unto Moses in a wilderness of Sinai, in the year the second to their coming out from a land of Egypt, in the month, the first, to say, “And will do, sons of Israel, the Pesach, in a set time, in four (and) ten a day in the month. This one [is] in a midst of the [two] evenings, you (all) will do him in a set time, as all his statues and as all his judgments, you (all) will do him.

Dead Sea Scrolls                   .

Targum (Onkelos)                  . Translation for Onkelos and Pseudo-Jonathan by J. W. Etheridge, M.A. (1862).

Targum (Pseudo-Jonathan)   .

Jerusalem targum                  .

Updated Douay-Rheims         .

Douay-Rheims 1899 (Amer.) The Lord spoke to Moses in the desert of Sinai, the second year after they were come out of the land of Egypt, in the first month, saying:

Let the children of Israel make the phase in its due time,

The fourteenth day of this month in the evening, according to all the ceremonies and justifications thereof.

Aramaic ESV of Peshitta        Mar-Yah spoke to Mosha in the wilderness of Sinai, in the first month of the second year after they had come out of the land of Egypt, saying,

"Moreover let the B'nai Yisrael keep the Passover in its appointed season.

On the fourteenth day of this month, at evening, you shall keep it in its appointed season—according to all its statutes, and according to all its ordinances, you shall keep it."

Lamsa’s Peshitta (Syriac)     .

V. Alexander’s Aramaic T.     .

Samaritan Pentateuch           And the LORD spake unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the first month of the second year after they were come out of the land of Egypt, saying

Let the children of Israel also keep the passover at his appointed season.

In the fourteenth day of this month, at even, they shall keep it in his appointed season: according to all the rites of it, and according to all the ceremonies thereof, shall ye keep it.

Updated Brenton (Greek)       And the Lord spoke to Moses in the Wilderness of Sinai in the second year after they had gone forth from the land of Egypt, in the first month, saying,

Speak, and let the children of Israel keep the Passover in its season.

On the fourteenth day of the first month at evening, you shall keep it in its season; you shall keep it according to its law, and according to its ordinance.

Significant differences: 

Limited Vocabulary Translations:

Bible in Basic English             And the Lord said to Moses, in the waste land of Sinai, in the first month of the second year after they had come out of the land of Egypt, 

Let the children of Israel keep the Passover at its regular time. 

In the fourteenth day of this month, at evening, you are to keep it at the regular time, and in the way ordered in the law.

Easy English                          .

Easy-to-Read Version–2008  The LORD spoke to Moses in the desert of Sinai. This was during the first month of the second year after the Israelites came out of Egypt. He said to Moses, "Tell the Israelites to celebrate Passover at the chosen time. They must eat the Passover meal just before dark on the 14th day of this month. They must do this at the chosen time, and they must follow all the rules about Passover."

God’s Word™                         In the first month of the second year after the Israelites left Egypt, the LORD spoke to Moses in the Desert of Sinai. He said, "The Israelites must celebrate the Passover at the same time every year. You must celebrate it on the fourteenth day of this month at dusk. Follow all the rules and regulations for the celebration of the Passover."

Good News Bible (TEV)         The LORD spoke to Moses in the Sinai Desert in the first month of the second year after the people of Israel had left Egypt. He said, "On the fourteenth day of this month, beginning at sunset, the people of Israel are to observe the Passover according to all the rules and regulations for it."

The Message                         .

Names of God Bible               .

NIRV                                      .

New Simplified Bible              .

Thought-for-thought translations; dynamic translations; paraphrases:

Casual English Bible             .

Contemporary English V.       During the first month of Israel's second year in the Sinai Desert, the LORD had told Moses to say to the people, "Celebrate Passover in the evening of the fourteenth day of this month and do it by following all the regulations."

The Living Bible                     .

New Berkeley Version           .

New Life Version                    .

New Living Translation           .

UnfoldingWord (Simplified)    One year after the Israelites left Egypt, on the first month of the second year, while they were in the wilderness of Sinai, Yahweh said to Moses, "Tell the Israelite people that they must celebrate the Passover festival again. They must do it on the fourteenth day of this month, early in the evening, and they must obey all the instructions about it that I gave you previously."

Partially literal and partially paraphrased translations:

American English Bible          .

Beck’s American Translation .

Common English Bible           .

New Advent (Knox) Bible       .

Translation for Translators     .

Mostly literal renderings (with some occasional paraphrasing):

Christian Standard Bible        .

Berean Study Bible                .

Conservapedia                       .

Revised Ferrar-Fenton Bible  .

God’s Truth (Tyndale)           .

The Heritage Bible                          And Jehovah spoke to Moses in the desert of Sinai, in the first new moon of the second year after they had gone out of the land of Egypt, saying,

The children of Israel shall do the Passover at its appointed meeting.

In the fourteenth day of this new moon at dusk, you shall do it in its appointed meeting; you shall do its entire enactment and its entire judged decree.

International Standard V                                    The Passover at Sinai

(Exodus 12:1-20)

The Lord spoke to Moses in the Wilderness of Sinai during the first month of the second year that they had left Egypt,

“The Israelis are to observe the Passover at its appointed time on the fourteenth day of this month. You are to observe it at this appointed time between the evenings. You are to observe it according to all its decrees and laws.”

Lexham English Bible            .

NIV, ©2011                             .

Unfolding Word Literal Text   Yahweh spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the first month of the second year after they came out from the land of Egypt. He said, "Let the people of Israel keep the Passover at its fixed time of year. On the fourteenth day of this month, at evening, you must keep the Passover at its fixed time of year. You must keep it, follow all the regulations, and obey all the decrees that are related to it."

Urim-Thummim Version         YHWH spoke to Moses in the Desert of Sinai, in the 1st month of the 2nd year after they were come out of the land of Egypt saying, Let the children of Israel observe the Passover at its appointed season. On the 14th day of this month at sunset you will observe it in its appointed season according to all the statutes regarding it, and according to all the ordinances involved with it you will celebrate it.

Wikipedia Bible Project          .

Catholic Bibles (those having the imprimatur):

Christian Community (1988)  Date of the Passover

Yahweh spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the second year after the exodus from Egypt, in the first month. He said:

“Let the sons of Israel keep the Passover at its appointed time. The fourteenth day of this month, between the two evenings, is the appointed time for you to keep it. Then you must celebrate the Passover according to all the laws and customs proper to it.”

New American Bible(2011)    .

The Catholic Bible                  .

New Jerusalem Bible             .

NRSV (Anglicized Cath. Ed.) .

Revised English Bible–1989            .

Jewish/Hebrew Names Bibles:

Complete Jewish Bible           .

Eth Cepher Bible                    AND Yahuah spoke unto El־Mosheh in the wilderness of Ciynai, in the first month of the second year after they were come out of the land of Mitsrayim, saying, Let the children of Yashar’el also keep the Pecach at his appointed time.  In the fourteenth day of this month, at evening, ye shall keep it in his appointed time: according to all the rites of it, and according to all the ceremonies thereof, shall ye keep it.

exeGeses companion Bible   .

Hebraic Roots Bible               .

Kaplan Translation                 .

The Scriptures–2009              And יהוה spoke to Mosheh in the Wilderness of Sinai, in the first new moon^a of the second year after they had come out of the land of Mitsrayim, saying,“Now, let the children of Yisra’ěl perform the Pěsa at its appointed time. 

“On the fourteenth day of this new moon, between the evenings, perform it at its appointed time. According to all its laws and right-rulings you perform it.”

^aOr a month. 

Tree of Life Version                Adonai spoke to Moses in the Sinai wilderness in the first month of the second year after they had come out of the land of Egypt saying, Bnei-Yisrael is to observe Passover at its appointed time. You are to celebrate it at its appointed time, at twilight on the fourteenth day of this month, with all its rules and regulations.”

Weird English, Olde English, Anachronistic English Translations:

Alpha & Omega Bible            AND JESUS SPOKE TO MOSES IN THE DESERT OF SINAI IN THE SECOND YEAR AFTER THEY HAD GONE FORTH FROM THE LAND OF EGYPT, IN THE FIRST MONTH, SAYING,

SPEAK, AND LET THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL KEEP THE PASSOVER IN ITS SEASON.

ON THE FOURTEENTH DAY OF THE FIRST MONTH AT EVEN, YOU SHALL KEEP IT IN ITS SEASON; YOU SHALL KEEP IT ACCORDING TO ITS LAW, AND ACCORDING TO ITS ORDINANCE.

Awful Scroll Bible                   Sustains To Become persists to be the speaker to Moses, in the wilderness of Sinai, on the first moon month of the second year, that they are to be led out of the solid grounds of Egypt, to the intent:

The sons of Contends-with-he-mighty were to prepare the Passover in its appointed time.

On the four and tenth day of the month, at evening, yous were to prepare it, in its appointed time and by the Prescription.

Concordant Literal Version    Yahweh spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai in the second year of their coming forth from the land of Egypt, in the first month, saying, The sons of Israel shall observe the passover at its appointed time. On the fourteenth day of this month, between the evening hours, you shall observe it at its appointed time according to all its statutes, and according to all its customs shall you prepare it.

exeGeses companion Bible   THE PASACH

And Yah Veh words to Mosheh

in the wilderness of Sinay,

in the first month of the second year

after they come from the land of Misrayim, saying,

And also have the sons of Yisra El

work the pasach at its season:

in the fourteenth day of this month,

between evenings,

work in its season

according to all the statutes thereof

and according to all the judgments thereof

- work it.

Orthodox Jewish Bible           And Hashem spoke unto Moshe in the Midbar Sinai, in the first month of the second year after they were come out of Eretz Mitzrayim, saying,

Let the Bnei Yisroel also observe the Pesach at its appointed season.

In the fourteenth day of this month, at twilight, ye shall observe it in its appointed season; according to kol chukkot of it, according to all the mishpatim thereof, shall ye observe it.

Rotherham’s Emphasized B.                    § 10. The First Commemorative Passover.

Chapter 9.

And Yahweh spake unto Moses in the desert of Sinaiˎ in the second year by their coming forth out of the land of Egyptˎ in the first monthˎ saying:

Let the sons of Israelˎ thereforeˎ keep the passoverˎ in its appointed season: <on the fourteenth day of this monthˎ between the two evenings> shall ye keep itˎ in its appointed season,—<according to all the statute thereofˎ and according to all the regulations thereof> shall ye keep it.

Expanded/Embellished Bibles:

The Amplified Bible                .

The Expanded Bible              .

International Standard V        .

Kretzmann’s Commentary    .

Lexham English Bible            The Passover

Yahweh spoke to Moses in the desert of Sinai, in the second year after they came out from the land of Egypt, in the first month, saying, “Let the Israelites [Literally “sons/children of Israel”] observe the Passover at its appointed time. On the fourteenth day of this month at twilight [Literally “between the two evenings”] you will perform it at its appointed time according to all its decrees; and according to all its stipulations you will observe it.”

Syndein/Thieme                     .

The Voice                               .

Bible Translations with Many Footnotes:

The Complete Tanach           .

The Geneva Bible                  .

Kaplan Translation                 Passover in the Desert

God spoke to Moses in the Sinai Desert, in the second year of the Exodus of Egypt, in the first month, saying,

'The Israelites shall prepare the Passover offering at its proper time.

The proper time for its preparation shall be the 14th day of this month in the afternoon. They must prepare it in accordance with all its decrees and laws.' The Kaplan Translation, particularly in Numbers through Deuteronomy, takes note of historic rabbinic opinions.

first month

Nissan, the month of Passover. This appears to be before the events described in Numbers 1:1.

NET Bible®                             .

New American Bible(2011)    .

Rotherham’s Emphasized B. .

Updated ASV                         Condition for late Passover

And Jehovah spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the first month of the second year after they had come out of the land of Egypt, saying, “Let the sons of Israel keep the Passover at its appointed time. On the fourteenth day of this month, between the two evenings,[44] you shall keep it at its appointed time; according to all its statutes and all its rules you shall keep it.”

[44] The Hebrew rendered “between the two evenings” (Heb. בֵּין הָעֲרְבַּיִם ben hoarbayim) according to some scholars (e.g., Ronald B. Allen, R. Laird Harris, Gleason L. Archer Jr., and Bruce K. Waltke), as well as the Karaite Jews and Samaritans, at twilight, the period of the evening between when the sun sets on the horizon and the actual darkness. The Pharisees and the Rabbis viewed it differently. For them, it was the first evening when the sun began to go down and the sunset of the second evening.

Literal, almost word-for-word, renderings:

A Faithful Version                  .

C. Thomson Updated OT       .

Charles Thomson OT            Now in the second year after their coming out of the land of Egypt, in the first month, the Lord spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sina, saying, Give orders, and let the children of Israel keep the passover in its appointed season. On the fourteenth day of this first month, towards evening, thou shalt celebrate it in its season. According to its rites, and according to its institution, thou shalt celebrate it.

Context Group Version          .

English Standard Version      .

Green’s Literal Translation    .

Legacy Standard Bible           .

Literal Standard Version        .

Modern English Version         .

Modern Literal Version 2020  And Jehovah spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the first month of the second year after they came out of the land of Egypt, saying, Moreover let the sons of Israel keep the Passover in its appointed season. In the fourteenth day of this month, at evening, you* will keep it in its appointed season. According to all the statutes of it and according to all the ordinances of it, you* will keep it.

New American Standard B.    .

New European Version          .

New King James Version       .

Niobi Study Bible                   .

Revised Mechanical Trans.    ... and YHWH spoke to Mosheh in the wilderness of Sinai, in the second year of them going out from the land of Mits'rayim, in the first new moon, saying, and the sons of Yisra'eyl will do the Pesahh in his appointed time. On the fourteenth day, on this new moon, between the evenings[874], you will do him in his appointed time, like all his customs and like all his decisions, you will do him,...

874. As the word for “evening” is written in the double plural. This is literally translated as “between the 'two' evenings,” but is of uncertain meaning. It may be the time between sunset and dark or between sunrise (as the word ערב literally means the “mixing” of light) and sunset.

Updated ASV                         .

Updated Bible Version 2.17   .

A Voice in the Wilderness      .

Webster’s Bible Translation  .

World English Bible                .

Young's Literal Translation     .

Young's Updated LT              .

The gist of this passage: 

1-3

Translation: And so Y^ehowah speaks to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai,...

As discussed earlier, God is probably speaking to Moses from the Ark of the Covenant behind the heavy curtain in the Tabernacle. Moses continually entered into the Tabernacle to speak with God.

Translation: ...in the second year of their coming out from the land of Egypt,...

This takes place in the second year after Israel has left Egypt. I understand this to mean that this is the beginning of the second year and not the end of the second year.

Translation: ...in the first month, saying,...

God is speaking to Moses during the first month of the second year. We do not know which day this takes place. Maybe the first day, maybe the fifth day. This is prior to the middle of the month.

Numbers 9:1 And so Y^ehowah speaks to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the second year of their coming out from the land of Egypt, in the first month, saying,... (Kukis mostly literal translation)

This verse tells us a couple of things. First of all, Numbers 1–9 was all written after the move from the foot of the mountains of Sinai. Thus far, the Jews camped at Mount Sinai when Moses went up to receive the Law; they camped along the foot of the mountains of Sinai, and now they have left the mountains for the desert. During the move and immediately after the move, Moses received divine revelation from God and he either kept it in his mind or he took notes. However, this is the final version or his final revision and it is obvious that if Numbers 9:1 occurred prior to Numbers 1:1 that Moses is not recording this as it occurs, in chronological order, but in a topical order. This takes some getting used to as my personal preference is chronological order and I will likely teach most of the Old and New Testaments in chronological order. It is likely that this chapter is logically inserted here, somewhat out of order.

Translation: ...“And the sons of Israel will observe the Passover at its appointed time,...

The Passover is to take place at the same time each year.

Numbers 9:2 ...“And the sons of Israel will observe the Passover at its appointed time,... (Kukis mostly literal translation)

There is a specific reason that this chapter is presented out of chronological order. When God spoke to Moses, it was to let Moses know that first and foremost what must be done in the very near future is the Passover. This is not a ceremony which can be skipped for any reason. Therefore, the Jews were first to erect the tabernacle as per Exodus 40:2 and 17, on the first day of the first month. Then they were to observe the Passover. Then they would be on the move, first cleansing the Levites and then dismantling the tabernacle. The orders to perform the Passover took place prior to the orders concerning the Levites and the dismantling and the moving of the tabernacle. And the fulfillment of God's directives would take place in the following order: first the observance of the second Passover, then the Levites would be cleansed for service (as it would make sense for them to be cleansed prior to rendering their services in the moving of the tabernacle); then they would move the tabernacle and a march would begin, with encampment taking place as per the picture given in Numbers 2; finally, the tabernacle would be set up once again.

Translation: ...on the fourteenth of the month.

The Passover is to take place on the 14^th of the first month, every year. Israel’s year began in Spring, so this is March or April about which we are speaking.

Numbers 9:2–3a ...“And the sons of Israel will observe the Passover at its appointed time, on the fourteenth of the month. (Kukis mostly literal translation)

Recall that God also spoke to Moses on the 1^st day of the 2^nd month in the 2^nd year in Numbers 1:1. So what we are reading here took place maybe a month earlier than Numbers 1.

Translation: This [will take place] between the [two] evenings.

The new day for Israel began in the evening. That evening, that night and then the next day make up an entire day in Israel’s time. Our days begin at a minute after midnight.

Translation: You (all) will observe it at its appointed time,...

The Hebrew people are to observe or celebrate the Passover every year at this time, middle of the first month.

Translation: ...according to all its statues and according to all its customs, you (all) will observe it. (Kukis mostly literal translation)

There are laws or regulations associated with this day, as well as customs which take place. These are described throughout the books of Moses.

Numbers 9:3b-d This [will take place] between the [two] evenings. You (all) will observe it at its appointed time, according to all its statues and according to all its customs, you (all) will observe it. (Kukis mostly literal translation)

Between the evenings has traditionally been at the end of one day, and the beginning of another which is sunset, when calculated by Jewish time.

In Numbers 9:1, it is the first month of the second year, probably at the first of the month. This directive is for the fourteenth of this same month (Numbers 9:3). After the Passover, Yahweh speaks to Moses again on the first day of the second month in the second year (Numbers 1:1). It is likely that the bulk of the material written between Exodus 40:17 and Numbers 9:3 was written quite a bit after the fact, as Moses brought this information to mind.

Numbers 9:1–3 And so Y^ehowah speaks to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the second year of their coming out from the land of Egypt, in the first month, saying, “And the sons of Israel will observe the Passover at its appointed time, on the fourteenth of the month. This [will take place] between the [two] evenings. You (all) will observe it at its appointed time, according to all its statues and according to all its customs, you (all) will observe it. (Kukis mostly literal translation)

Logically, the book of Numbers will present the very first Passover observed after the actual Exodus. So when we pair this concept with the words the second year, we know that this is the beginning of the second year.

Numbers 9:1–3 Jehovah spoke to Moses while all Israel was in the desert-wilderness of Sinai, at the beginning of the first month, beginning the second year of their exiting Egypt during the exodus. Jehovah said, “The sons of Israel will observe this coming Passover on the 14^th day of this month, which is its set time. The Passover observance will take place between the two evenings, according to all of the regulations and customs which you have learned. (Kukis paraphrase)

——————————

Here is how others have translated this passage:

Ancient texts:

Masoretic Text (Hebrew)        And so speaks Moses unto sons of Israel to do the Pesach; and so they do the Pesach in the first, in a four-ten day to the new moon, in the midst of the evenings, in a wilderness of Sinai as all that commanded Y^ehowah unto Moses, so did sons of Israel.

Dead Sea Scrolls                   .

Jerusalem targum                  .

Targum (Onkelos)                  .

Targum (Pseudo-Jonathan)   .

Aramaic Targum                    .

The Psalms Targum              .

Updated Douay-Rheims         .

Douay-Rheims 1899 (Amer.) And Moses commanded the children of Israel that they should make the phase.

And they made it in its proper time: the fourteenth day of the month at evening, in mount Sinai. The children of Israel did according to all things that the Lord had commanded Moses.

Aramaic ESV of Peshitta        Mosha spoke to the B'nai Yisrael, that they should keep the Passover.

They kept the Passover in the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, at evening, in the wilderness of Sinai. According to all that Mar-Yah commanded Mosha, so the B'nai Yisrael did.

Original Aramaic Psalms        .

V. Alexander’s Aramaic T.     .

Plain English Aramaic Bible   .

Lamsa’s Peshitta (Syriac)     .

Samaritan Pentateuch           And Moses spake unto the children of Israel, that they should keep the passover.

And they kept the passover on the fourteenth day of the first month at even in the wilderness of Sinai: according to all that the LORD commanded Moses, so did the children of Israel.

Updated Brenton (Greek)       And Moses ordered the children of Israel to sacrifice the Passover,

on the fourteenth day of the first month in the Wilderness of Sinai, as the Lord appointed Moses, so the children of Israel did.

Significant differences: 

Limited Vocabulary Translations:

Bible in Basic English             And Moses gave orders to the children of Israel to keep the Passover. 

So they kept the Passover in the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, at evening, in the waste land of Sinai: as the Lord gave orders to Moses, so the children of Israel did.

Easy English                          .

Easy-to-Read Version–2008  So Moses told the Israelites to celebrate Passover. The people did this in the desert of Sinai just before dark on the 14th day of the first month. The Israelites did everything just as the LORD commanded Moses.

God’s Word™                         So Moses told the Israelites to celebrate the Passover, and they celebrated it on the fourteenth day of the first month at dusk while they were in the Desert of Sinai. The Israelites did everything as the LORD had commanded Moses.

Good News Bible (TEV)         So Moses told the people to observe the Passover, and on the evening of the fourteenth day of the first month they did so in the Sinai Desert. The people did everything just as the LORD had commanded Moses.

The Message                         .

Names of God Bible               .

NIRV                                      .

New Simplified Bible              .

Thought-for-thought translations; dynamic translations; paraphrases:

Casual English Bible             .

Contemporary English V.       Moses told the people what the LORD had said, and they celebrated Passover there in the desert in the evening of the fourteenth day of the first month.

The Living Bible                     .

New Berkeley Version           .

New Life Version                    .

New Living Translation           .

The Passion Translation        .

Unfolding Bible Simplified      So Moses told the people what Yahweh had said about celebrating the Passover. The people celebrated it there in the wilderness of Sinai, in the evening of the fourteenth day of the month, just as Yahweh had commanded Moses.

Partially literal and partially paraphrased translations:

American English Bible          .

Beck’s American Translation .

Common English Bible           .

New Advent (Knox) Bible       .

Translation for Translators     .

Mostly literal renderings (with some occasional paraphrasing):

Berean Study Bible                .

Christian Standard Bible        .

Conservapedia Translation    .

Revised Ferrar-Fenton Bible  .

God’s Truth (Tyndale)           .

The Heritage Bible                 And Moses spoke to the children of Israel that they should do the Passover.

And they did the Passover on the fourteenth day of the first new moon at dusk in the desert of Sinai; all that Jehovah commanded Moses, so the children of Israel did.

International Standard V        So Moses instructed the Israelis to observe the Passover. They observed the Passover on the fourteenth day of the first month at twilight, in the Wilderness of Sinai. The Israelis did everything that the Lord had commanded through Moses.

H. C. Leupold                         .

Lexham English Bible            .

NIV, ©2011                             .

Unfolding Bible Literal Text    So, Moses told the people of Israel that they should keep the Festival of the Passover. So they kept the Passover in the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, at evening, in the wilderness of Sinai. The people of Israel obeyed everything that Yahweh commanded Moses to do.

Urim-Thummim Version         Moses spoke to the children of Israel that they should observe the Passover. And they celebrated the Passover on the 14th day of the 1st month at sunset in the Desert of Sinai according to all that YHWH commanded Moses, so instituted the children of Israel.

Wikipedia Bible Project          .

Catholic Bibles (those having the imprimatur):

Christian Community (1988)  .

New American Bible (2011)   .

The Catholic Bible                  .

New Jerusalem Bible             .

NRSV (Anglicized Cath. Ed.) .

Revised English Bible–1989   .

Jewish/Hebrew Names Bibles:

Complete Jewish Bible           .

Eth Cepher Bible                    And Mosheh spoke unto the children of Yashar’el, that they should keep the Pecach.  And they kept the Pecach on the fourteenth day of the first month at evening in the wilderness of Ciynai: according to all that Yahuah commanded Mosheh, so did the children of Yashar’el.

exeGeses companion Bible   .

Hebraic Roots Bible               .

Kaplan Translation                 Moses spoke to the Israelites, [telling them] to prepare the Passover offering.

They prepared the Passover offering in the Sinai Desert, on the 14th of the first [month] in the afternoon. The Israelites did exactly as God had instructed Moses.

The Scriptures–2009              And Mosheh spoke to the children of Yisra’ěl to perform the Pěsa.  So they performed the Pěsa on the fourteenth day of the first new moon, between the evenings, in the Wilderness of Sinai. According to all that יהוה commanded Mosheh, so the children of Yisra’ěl did.

Tree of Life Version                So Moses told Bnei-Yisrael to observe Passover. They celebrated Passover at twilight on the fourteenth day of the first month in the Sinai wilderness. In accordance with all that Adonai commanded Moses, so Bnei-Yisrael did.

Weird English, Olde English, Anachronistic English Translations:

Alpha & Omega Bible            AND MOSES ORDERED THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL TO SACRIFICE THE PASSOVER,

ON THE FOURTEENTH DAY OF THE FIRST MONTH IN THE DESERT OF SINAI, AS JESUS APPOINTED MOSES, SO THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL DID.

Awful Scroll Bible                   Moses maintains to be the declarer of it, to the sons of Contends-with-he-mighty that they are to prepare the passover.

They were preparing the passover, on the four and tenth day of the first month, at evening, in the wilderness of Sinai, as Sustains To Become is to have laid charge to Moses, even were to effect the sons of Contends-with-he-mighty.

Concordant Literal Version    .

exeGeses companion Bible   And Mosheh words to the sons of Yisra El

to work the pasach:

and they work the pasach

on the fourteenth day of the first month

between evenings

in the wilderness of Sinay:

according to all Yah Veh misvahs Mosheh,

thus the sons of Yisra El work.

Orthodox Jewish Bible           And Moshe spoke unto the Bnei Yisroel, that they should observe the Pesach.

And they observed the Pesach on the fourteenth day of the first month at twilight in the Midbar Sinai; according to all that Hashem commanded Moshe, so did the Bnei Yisroel.

Rotherham’s Emphasized B. .

Expanded/Embellished Bibles:

The Amplified Bible                .

The Expanded Bible              .

International Standard V        .

Kretzmann’s Commentary    

Lexham English Bible            So Moses spoke to the Israelites [Literally “sons/children of Israel”] to observe the Passover. And they observed the Passover on the fourteenth day of the month at twilight [Literally “between the two evenings”] in the desert of Sinai. According to all that Yahweh commanded Moses, thus the Israelites [Literally “sons/children of Israel”] did.

Syndein/Thieme                     .

The Voice                               .

Bible Translations with Many Footnotes:

The Complete Tanach           .

The Geneva Bible                  .

Kaplan Translation                 .

NET Bible®                             .

New American Bible (2011)   .

New Catholic Bible                 .

Rotherham’s Emphasized B. Then spake Moses unto the sons of Israelˎ that they should keep the passover. So they kept the passoverˎ in the first [month]ˎ on the fourteenth day of the monthˎ between the two eveningsˎ^b in the desert of Sinai,—<according to all that Yahweh commanded Moses> ||so|| didʹ the sons of Israel.

^b Cp. Exo. xii. 6, n.

Updated ASV                         And Moses spoke to the sons of Israel, that they should keep the Passover. And they kept the Passover in the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, between the two evenings,[45] in the wilderness of Sinai: according to all that Jehovah commanded Moses, so did the sons of Israel.

[45] The Hebrew rendered “between the two evenings” (Heb. בֵּין הָעֲרְבַּיִם ben hoarbayim) according to some scholars (e.g., Ronald B. Allen, R. Laird Harris, Gleason L. Archer Jr., and Bruce K. Waltke), as well as the Karaite Jews and Samaritans, at twilight, the period of the evening between when the sun sets on the horizon and the actual darkness. The Pharisees and the Rabbis viewed it differently. For them, it was the first evening when the sun began to go down and the sunset of the second evening.

Literal, almost word-for-word, renderings:

A Faithful Version                  .

C. Thomson Updated OT       .

Charles Thomson OT            .

Context Group Version          .

English Standard Version      .

Green’s Literal Translation    .

Legacy Standard Bible           .

Literal Standard Version        .

Modern English Version         .

Modern Literal Version 2020  And Moses spoke to the sons of Israel, that they should keep the Passover. And they kept the Passover in the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, at evening, in the wilderness of Sinai. According to all that Jehovah commanded Moses, so the sons of Israel did.

New American Standard B.    .

New European Version          .

New King James Version       .

Niobi Study Bible                   .

Owen's Translation                .

Revised Mechanical Trans.    ...and Mosheh spoke to the sons of Yisra'eyl to do the Pesach, and they did do the Pesahh on the first, on the fourteenth day to the new moon, between the evenings[875], in the wilderness of Sinai, according to all that YHWH directed Mosheh, so the sons of Yisra'eyl did do,...

875. As the word for “evening” is written in the double plural. This is literally translated as “between the 'two' evenings,” but is of uncertain meaning. It may be the time between sunset and dark or between sunrise (as the word ערב literally means the “mixing” of light) and sunset.

Updated ASV                         .

Updated Bible Version 2.17   .

A Voice in the Wilderness      .

Webster’s Bible Translation  .

World English Bible                .

Young's Literal Translation     .

Young’s Updated LT             .

The gist of this passage: 

4-5

Translation: And so Moses speaks unto sons of Israel to prepare the Passover.

It has been one year since Israel left Egypt. God told Moses to prepare for the Passover, so Moses tells the sons of Israel to do so.

In the Passover, each house will select a lamb to slaughter for their home. If there are two homes near one another with small families, they can combine together for this.

The homes for the Israelites at this time would be tents, if that. A year ago, they were in homes where there was a door and a door frame at the front of the house, and blood would be painted on the two sides and on the section of the frame above the door. Nothing will be said about this, as most of them are probably camping out under the stars at this point.

Numbers 9:4 And so Moses speaks unto sons of Israel to prepare the Passover. (Kukis mostly literal translation)

I am understanding this to refer to the second Passover taking place at the beginning of the second year (they are one year out of Egypt). This chapter will be very short on details of this celebration.

The tabernacle has just been erected for the first time not but a day or a week previous and Moses speaks to the people. The cleansing of the Levites and the moving of the tabernacle take place subsequent to this verse.

Translation: And so they prepare the Passover in the first [month],...

The people, the sons of Israel, then prepared for the Passover, which would take place on the fourteenth day of the first month.

Part of the preparation would be to take one young lamb, without spot or blemish, for each family. This lamb represents the Lord Jesus Christ.

Remember when John the baptizer was speaking to a group of people and he saw Jesus approaching, and he cried out, “Behold, the Lamb of God, Who takes away the sin of the world!” (John 1:29)

Translation: ...on the fourteenth day regarding the month, between the evenings,...

This celebration is to take place on the fourteenth day of the new month, which is the first month of the year.

Translation: ...in the desert-wilderness of Sinai.

The Passover first took place in Egypt. The warning was that there must be blood on the lintel of the door, so that God would not enter into the home and kill the firstborn. God would pass over that home. Wherever there was no blood, God would take all the lives of the firstborn within that house.

At this time, they were in the desert-wilderness of Sinai. No one had a home. We don’t know if anyone even had a tent.

Numbers 9:5a-c And so they prepare the Passover in the first [month], on the fourteenth day regarding the month, between the evenings, in the desert-wilderness of Sinai. (Kukis mostly literal translation)

Translation: According to all that Y^ehowah commanded Moses, so the sons of Israel did. (Kukis mostly literal translation)

What we have between Exodus 40:2 and this point in time is the honeymoon. God commands the Israelites and they obey. They are happy and they aren't complaining. When it is time to celebrate the Passover, they do. In the past several verses, we have had the same verb, ʿâsâh (עָשָֹה) [pronounced ģaw-SAWH], meaning to do, to construct, in several different forms. In v. 3, it occurs twice in the 2nd person masculine plural, Qal imperfect—all the sons of Israel performed the action of the verb and it was looked upon as a process. In v. 4, the same verb is in the Qal infinitive construct, correctly translated to do. Finally in v. 5, ʿâsâh (עָשָֹה) [pronounced ģaw-SAWH] occurs twice again, first in the 3^rd person masculine plural, Qal imperfect—the sons of Israel begin to go through the process fulfilling God's commands; and finally, at the end of v. 5, ʿâsâh (עָשָֹה) [pronounced ģaw-SAWH] is found in the 3^rd person plural, Qal perfect, meaning the action of the verb is seen as completed. Strong's #6213 BDB #793

Because the Israelites were not living in homes, the Passover would have been modified for this first celebration. We are not given the details to any of this modification.

Numbers 9:5 And so they prepare the Passover in the first [month], on the fourteenth day regarding the month, between the evenings, in the desert-wilderness of Sinai. According to all that Y^ehowah commanded Moses, so the sons of Israel did. (Kukis mostly literal translation)

Israel began to prepare for the first celebration of the Passover outside of Egypt.

Numbers 9:4–5 And so Moses speaks unto sons of Israel to prepare the Passover. And so they prepare the Passover in the first [month], on the fourteenth day regarding the month, between the evenings, in the desert-wilderness of Sinai. According to all that Y^ehowah commanded Moses, so the sons of Israel did. (Kukis mostly literal translation)

Numbers 9:4–5 Moses spoke to the sons of Israel about preparing for the upcoming Passover. They would prepare to celebrate the Passover on the fourteenth day of the first month, beginning that very evening and continuing to the next day, while they were camped in the desert-wilderness of Siani. Israel did exactly what God told them to do. (Kukis paraphrase)

——————————

When it came to the celebration of this Passover, there appears to be a problem.

Here is how others have translated this passage:

Ancient texts:

Masoretic Text (Hebrew)        And so he is, mortal men who were unclean to a soul of a man and they were not able to do the Pesach in the day the this. And so they came near to faces of Moses and Aaron in the day the this. And so speak the mortal men, the them unto him, “We [are] unclean (ones) to a soul of a man. For why are we being restrained to not approach an offering of Y^ehowah in His appointment in a midst of sons of Israel?

Dead Sea Scrolls                   .

Jerusalem targum                  .

Targum (Onkelos)                  .

Targum (Pseudo-Jonathan)   .

Aramaic Targum                    .

The Psalms Targum              .

Updated Douay-Rheims         .

Douay-Rheims 1899 (Amer.) But behold some who were unclean by occasion of the soul of a man, who could not make the phase on that day, coming to Moses and Aaron,

Said to them: We are unclean by occasion of the soul of a man. Why are we kept back that we may not offer in its season the offering to the Lord among the children of Israel?

Aramaic ESV of Peshitta        There were certain men, who were unclean because of the dead body of a man, so that they could not keep the Passover on that day, and they came before Mosha and before Aaron on that day.

Those men said to him, "We are unclean because of the dead body of a man. Why are we kept back, that we may not offer the offering of Mar-Yah in its appointed season among the B'nai Yisrael?"

Original Aramaic Psalms        .

V. Alexander’s Aramaic T.     .

Plain English Aramaic Bible   .

Lamsa’s Peshitta (Syriac)     .

Samaritan Pentateuch           And there were certain men, who were defiled by the dead body of a man, that they could not keep the passover on that day: and they came before Moses and before Aaron on that day:

And those men said unto him, We [are] defiled by the dead body of a man: wherefore are we kept back, that we may not offer an offering of the LORD in his appointed season among the children of Israel?

Updated Brenton (Greek)       And there came men who were unclean by reason of a dead body, and they were not able to keep the Passover on that day; and they came before Moses and Aaron on that day.

And those men said to Moses, We are unclean by reason of the dead body of a man: shall we therefore fail to offer the gift to the Lord in its season in the midst of the children of Israel?

Significant differences: 

Limited Vocabulary Translations:

Bible in Basic English             And there were certain men who were unclean because of a dead body, so that they were not able to keep the Passover on that day; and they came before Moses and before Aaron on that day: 

And these men said to him, We have been made unclean by the dead body of a man; why may we not make the offering of the Lord at the regular time among the children of Israel?

Easy English                          .

Easy-to-Read Version–2008  But some of the people could not celebrate Passover that day. They were unclean because they had touched a dead body. So they went to Moses and Aaron that day and said to Moses, "We touched a dead body and became unclean. But why must we be kept from offering our gifts to the LORD at the chosen time with the rest of the Israelites?.

God’s Word™                         But there were some men who had become unclean from touching a dead body, and they couldn't celebrate the Passover that day. They came to Moses and Aaron and said, "We are unclean because we touched a dead body. Why won't you let us bring our offerings to the LORD at the same time the rest of the Israelites bring their offerings?"

Good News Bible (TEV)         But there were some people who were ritually unclean because they had touched a corpse, and they were not able to keep the Passover on that day. They went to Moses and Aaron and said, "We are unclean because we have touched a corpse, but why should we be excluded from presenting the LORD's offering with the rest of the Israelites?"

The Message                         .

Names of God Bible               .

NIRV                                      .

New Simplified Bible              .

Thought-for-thought translations; dynamic translations; paraphrases:

Casual English Bible             .

Contemporary English V.       Some people in Israel's camp had touched a dead body and had become unfit to worship the LORD, and they could not celebrate Passover. But they asked Moses and Aaron,

"Even though we have touched a dead body, why can't we celebrate Passover and offer sacrifices to the LORD at the same time as everyone else?"

The Living Bible                     .

New Berkeley Version           .

New Life Version                    .

New Living Translation           .

The Passion Translation        .

Unfolding Bible Simplified      But some of the Israelite people had touched a corpse, and as a result they had become unfit to celebrate the Passover. So they asked Aaron and Moses, "It is true that we have touched a corpse. But why should that prevent us from celebrating the Passover festival and offering sacrifices to Yahweh like everyone else?"

Partially literal and partially paraphrased translations:

American English Bible          .

Beck’s American Translation .

Common English Bible           .

New Advent (Knox) Bible       .

Translation for Translators     .

Mostly literal renderings (with some occasional paraphrasing):

Berean Study Bible                But there were some men who were unclean due to a dead body, so they could not observe the Passover on that day. And they came before Moses and Aaron that same day and said to Moses, “We are unclean because of a dead body, but why should we be excluded from presenting the LORD’s offering with the other Israelites at the appointed time?”

Christian Standard Bible        .

Conservapedia Translation    .